Ramon burned the roast. He didn’t want to tell Betty about______, so h,高中三年级,英语试题,不定代词考点,it的用法考点,好技网

单选题
Ramon burned the roast. He didn’t want to tell Betty about______, so he bought______.
[ ]

A. them; more one
B. it; the other
C. one; the others
D. it; another one

本题信息：2012年陕西省模拟题英语单选题难度一般来源:刘鸿娟
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本试题 “Ramon burned the roast. He didn’t want to tell Betty about______, so he bought______.[ ]A. them; more oneB. it; the otherC. one; the othersD. it; a...” 主要考查您对
不定代词

it的用法
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。

不定代词
it的用法

不定代词概说：

英语的不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, few, little, both, enough, every等，以及由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词（即somebody, anyone, nothing等）。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词none以及由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no和every则只用作定语。

不定代词用法对比：

1、so little与such little的区别：
用so little还是such little取决于little的意思：若表示数量方面的“少”，则用so little；若表示形状体积的“小”，则用such little：
如：He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。
I've never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。
2、some与any的用法区别：
一般说来，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用some而不用any：
如：Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗？
        Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢？
        Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗？
注：any有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”：
如：Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。
        Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。
3、many与much的用法区别：
两者都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替可数名词(复数)，与few(少数)相对；
而much用来修饰或代替不可数名词（单数），与little（少量）相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中：
如：Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
        We don't have much time. 我们没有许多时间。
在肯定句中，一般用a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中；
另外，若用作主语或主语的定语，或其前有how, too, as, so, a good, a great等修饰，也可用于肯定句中：
如：Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。
        Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。
        You've given me too much. 你已给我太多了。
        Take as many(much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。
        I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。
4、few, a few与little, a little的用法区别：
（1）few和a few后接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义；
a few表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义：
如：It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难，没有几个人能懂。
        It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难，但是有些人懂。
（2）little和alittle之后接不可数名词，其区别跟few和a few之间的区别相似：
如：Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。
        Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。
5、other, the other, another与others的用法区别：
这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分，而且在用法上有泛指（无the）和特指（有the）之别。其用法区别可归纳如下：
（1）指单数时，若泛指用another，若特指用the other：
如：Give me another(one). 另外给我一个。
        Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。
（2）指复数时，若泛指用other（后接复数名词），若特指用the other（后接复数名词）：
如：There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。
       Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了？
（3）others永远表示复数意义（且其后不能再接名词）。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同样地the others大致相当于“the other＋复数名词”：
如：Other people[Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。
        He is cleverer than the others[the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。
（4）another一般只能表单数，且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或few修饰时，则也可接复数名词：
如：We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。
        In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。
（5）与some对比使用时，用others（此时与some同义）：
如：Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对，有人说不对。

不定代词用法点拨：

1、指两者和三者的不定代词：
有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混：
如：Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
        All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
        There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。
        He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。
        He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。
注：each可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而every只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用each，不能用every。

2、复合不定代词的用法特点：
复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, noone, everything, everybody, everyone等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone等和anything, anyone等的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。具体使用时应注意以下几点：
（1）复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面：
如：There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。
        Have you seen anyone[anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?
（2）指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their：
如：Everyone knows this, doesn't he[don't they]? 人人都知道这一点，不是吗?
        If anybody[anyone] comes, ask him[them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。
（3）指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用it，而不用they：
如：Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了，是吗?
（4）anyone, everyone等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接of 短语，可用any one, every one(分开写)：
如：any one of the boys(books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
        every one of the students(schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)

3、是any not还是not any：
按英语习惯，any以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时，它只能出现在否定词之后，而不能在否定词之前：
误：Anyone doesn't know how to do it.
正：No one knows how to do it.任何人都不知道如何做它。
误：Anybody[Anyone] can not do it.
正：Nobody[Noone] can do it.这事谁也干不了。
误：Anything can not prevent me from going.
正：Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去。

4、不定代词与部分否定：
不定代词all, both, every等与not连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，则需换用none, neither, no one等。
比较：All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
            Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
            All of the students don't like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
            None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。

5、all, both, each等用作同位语：
若用作主语同位语，主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语，则宾语等成分必须是人称代词，而不能是名词：
如：We have all read it. 我们都读过他。(all修饰的主语是代词)
        The villages have all been destroyed. 村庄都被毁了。(all修饰的主语是名词)
        They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。(all修饰的宾语是代词)
但不能说：They told the men all to wait there. (all修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)

不定代词知识体系：

不定代词与语境考题：

不定代词是高考的常考考点，有的不定代词考题出得比较灵活，不能死套规则，要注意结合语境来理解：
例1：—Is____here?
—No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody
B. everybody
C. somebody
D. nobody
解析：
若只是从表面来看，填空句是个疑问句，可能会误选A。但其实此题最佳答案应选B，因为下文的答句说“只有Bob和Tim请假了”，这说明问句是在查人数，故用Is everybody here? (大家都到齐了吗？)

例2：I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with_____.
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
解析：
此句若从表面看，有可能误选B，因为填空句为否定句。但实际上最佳答案为A，因为上文说“我同意他说的大部分内容”，这与下文的but I don't agree with everything (但并不是同意他说的所有内容)完全相符。

例3：—Doyouhave_____athomenow,Mary?
—No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
解析：答案：C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”

例4：—If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.
—Oh, no. A necklace is not_____that I need most.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
解析：
此题容易误选A，机械地认为：something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句或疑问句。但是，此题的最佳答案是B，something在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于the thing)。

it的概念：

it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。

it 的用法：

1、it可指天气、温度、时间、距离等。
如：It is cold today, isn't it?
2、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
如：The dog is not acold-blooded animals. It doesn't need to hibernate.
3、为避免重复，it可用来代替前面说过的短语或句子。
如：I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible. (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)
4、代替指示代词this，that。
如：—What's this?
        —It's an album.
        —Whose new bike is that?
        —It's Mary's.
注：it与one，that的区别：
        it=the（this, that）+名词，特指并且代替前面所提到的某特定事物。
如：He's bought a new car, so he drives it everywhere to show ito ff.
        one=a+名词，one指前面提到的同类事物中的不同的另一个。
如：He needs a computer, but he can't afford one.
        that=the+名词，that指代的名词与前面的名词属于同一类，但不属同一个。
如：The population of China is larger than that of Japan. that指代population，但其后有一个of短语作定语，以区别于the population of China。
注：it与that的异同：
        it指同一事物，that指同类但并不是同一事物。
如：I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing.
       The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.
5、It/This/That+be+the first(second, third...) time+that-clause 这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是一般现在时is时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时was时，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。
如：This is the first time(that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
        It was the fifth time(that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.
6、在一些相对固定的词组中，没有特殊含义，经常不翻译。
如：He's never really made it as an actor. 作为演员，他从未获得过真正的成功。
        It is my turn. 轮到我了。

强调句中的it：

可以用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调：
1）强调句的基本句型it's/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分
原句：I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
强调主语：It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.
或：It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.
2）强调句的一般疑问句型Is/Was+it+所强调部分+that/who...?
如：Was it you that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
3）强调句的特殊疑问句型疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...?
如：Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
【注】强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，即都含有it is(was)...that。但，区别在于：强调句去掉it is(was)…that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样。
如：(It is)our hope(that) the two sides will work towards peace.
解析：去掉It is…that之后，句子是不成立的。由此得出该句不是强调句，而是一个简单的主语从句，it是形式主语，从句是真正的主语。

“it”的用法：

1、it 作形式主语：
it 在句中可作形式主语，而真正作主语的主语从句需要放在句子的末尾。主语从句后置常用以下几种结构：
1）It is/was+adj.+subject-clause可用于此句型的形容词有：
clear, certain, funny, good, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, possible, probable, strange, surprising, true, unusual, wonderful等。
如：It is obvious that going for sports will do a lot of good to your health.
2）It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth. 该句型中的形容词通常表示事物的特点或特征的，如：
difficult, hard, easy, impossible, necessary, important等，此时用for；或表示人的性格特征或特点的，如:
nice, good, bad, kind, silly, foolish, wise, clever, careless, rude, brave, cruel, careful, grateful等，这时要用of 。
3）It is/was+名词词组+subject-clause可用于该结构的名词词组有：
a pity/duty, a good thing, no surprise, good news, an honor, a fact, a mystery, a shame, manners等。
如：It's a pity that I didn't attend the party.
4）It is/was+V-ed+subject-clause可用于该结构的动词的过去分词有：
said, reported, thought, supposed, believed, hoped, expected, known, decided, announced, arranged等。
如：It is said that something had been done to end the pollution.
注：本句还可改写为：Something is said to have been done to end the pollution.
5）It+vi.+subject-clause可用于该结构的动词有：appear, seem, happen, occur等。
如：It appeared to scientists that the stars had moved.
6）It doesn't matter(makes no difference,etc.) +连接代词或连接副词引起的从句作宾语。
如：It doesn't matter whether he'll join the army or not.
        It makes no difference where we have the conference.
7）一些固定句型：
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
如：It will take you two days to get there on foot.
It costs sb. some money to do sth.
如：It costs 1,000 dollars to fly to America.
It is/was no use(useless) doing（做什么是没有用处的）
如：It's no use arguing with him.
It is/was no good doing（做什么是没有好处的）
8）以下句型结构中需要用虚拟语气
① It is/was important(necessary, strange) that...;
     It is/was ordered(required, suggested, proposed) that...;
     It is/was a pity(a shame) that...表示遗憾等感情的句子中，主语从句要用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：It's necessary that he(should) be operated on at once.
② It is (high)time that...结构中用should+动词原形（should不能省略）或动词过去式。
如：It is high time that you should make(made) full use of your time to go over your lessons.

2、it作形式宾语：
1）动词consider（feel, find, think等）+it+形容词（名词）+不定式（动词-ing形式，从句）。
如：She thinks it no use telling me.
2）主语+appreciate（enjoy，like，love，hate）+it+if（when）...结构
如：We would appreciate it if you could come to help us.
3）dependon, relyon, see to（负责/设法做到）, takeforgranted（习以为常）等短语后跟that从句时，要以it作形式宾语。
如：We're depending on it that he will finish the job by Friday.

“it ”引起的几个易混淆的时间句型：

1）It be+时间+since-clause 这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从…以来已多久了”，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句一般用过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
注：since引导时间状语从句时，从句若使用终止性动词，则表示该时间是主句时间段的终点（时间从现在算起）；若从句使用延续性动词，则表示该动作状态的结束（时间从过去算起）。
如：It's five years since they got married. 他们结婚已经5年了。
        It's five years since they were married. 他们离婚已经5年了。
        It's ten years since his father was a worker. 他父亲不当工人已经10年了。
        I haven't seen him since we were boys together. 我们长大以后再没有见过面。
2）It be+时间+before-clause 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才…”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就…”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时willbe；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用willbe时，before从句常用一般现在时。如：It was not long before she learned those poems by heart. 她没过多久就背会了那些诗。
        It was long before the police arrived. 过了很久警察才来。
        It will be hours before he makes a decision. 要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
        It will not be hours before we meet again. 要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的
3）It be+时间+when-clause 这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般是具体时间）。主句和从句中的谓语动词在时态上是一致的，主句是willbe，when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
如：It was already 8 o'clock when we got home.
        It will be late afternoon when they get there.
4）It be+时间+that-clause 这个句型是个强调句型。
如：It was at 5o'clock that he practiced playing the violin in the morning. (原句是：He practiced playing the violin at 5o'clock in the morning.)
比较：It was 5o'clock when he started in the morning.（5o'clock前没有介词，这个是定语从句）
5）It be+time+that-clause 这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是is或was，that从句都须用动词的过去式或should+动词原形（但不及物动词通常用过去式），在time之前有时可以加上high 或about 以加强语气。
如：It is high time(that) he wrote a letter to his girl friend.
        It is time(that) we made people's life a little easier.= It is time that we should make people's life a little easier.

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