本试题 “Many people thought little of me, but I did what _____.[ ]A. I thought I was rightB. I thought it was rightC. I thought was rightD. I was thought what” 主要考查您对宾语从句
插入语
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
宾语从句的概念:
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid, sure, glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
宾语从句的用法:
1、宾语从句的引导词:
宾语从句通常由连词that和whether(if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:
如:We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。
I don't know whether he'll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。
I don't know who(m) you mean. 我不知道你指谁。
He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。
Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。
She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。
注:有时介词后可接跟一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句):
如:From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的,他是对的。
有极个别介词(如but,except)可接that引导的宾语从句:
如:She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得,只记得他的头发是黑的。
2、宾语从句与形式宾语it:
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末:
如:I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。
3、连词that的省略问题:
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略:
如:She said(that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you(that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。
注:有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:
如:That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。
4、宾语从句与否定转移当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语:
如:I don't suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。
I don't imagine that he will come. 我想他不会
使用宾语从句特别注意:
一、宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
如:I don't know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
二、宾语从句的时态:
主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
如:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
三、宾语从句的特点:
宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.
插入语的概念:
所谓插入语,就是指插在句子中间,对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。一般说来,插入语与句中其他部分没有语法上的联系,若将其去掉,句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中主要起解释、说明、总结等作用,此外还可用于表示说话者的态度和看法、起强调作用、引起别方的注意、转移话题、承上启下等。
插入语的几种类型:
一、形容词(短语)作插入语
如:Sure enough, she was there. 果然她在那里。
Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it.说也奇怪,他还不知道这件事。
Mostimportantofall,theseactivitieshavestrengthenedtheirtieswiththeworkingpeople.最重要的是,这些活动加强了他们和劳动人民的联系。
二、副词(短语)作插入语
如:I'm seeing him in May一or rather early June. 我5月份见他——更确切地说是在6月初。
We must be back be foremidnight;otherwisewe’llbelockedout.我们必须在午夜之前赶回去,否则我们就会被锁在门外。
三、介词短语作插入语
Hedoesn’tmind.Infact,heisverypleased.他不介意,实际上他很高兴。
Bytheway,doyouknowwhereMarylives?顺便问一下,你知道玛丽住在哪里吗?
Theboyisnotfoolish.Onthecontrary,Ithinkheisveryclever.这孩子不愚蠢,相反我认为他很聪明。
Alotofuswanttoleavenow—Bill,forexample[=forexample,Bill].我们很多人现在都想走——比如,比尔就是一例。
四、v-ing分词(短语)作插入语
Generallyspeakingchildrenliketowatchtelevision.一般说来,小孩子喜欢看电视。
Judgingfrom[by]hisaccent,hemaybefromthesouth.听他的口音,他可能是南方人。
五、不定式短语作插入语
Tobeginwith,Idonotlikeitscolour.首先,我不喜欢它的颜色。
Totellthetruth,thefilmwasagreatdisappointmenttome.说实在的,那部影片使我大为失望。
Tomakealongstoryshort,weagreedtodisagree.长话短说,我们同意各自保留不同的看法。
六、句子(陈述句和一般疑问句等)作插入语
Believeitornot,theygotmarriedsoon.信不信由你,他们不久就结婚了。
Helearnseasily,andwhat’smore,herememberswhathehaslearnt.他学习起来很容易,而且他所学习过的都记得住。
Hedidn’tgo,that’stosay,it’snotrecordedthathedid.他没去,换句话说,他去了这个事实无案可查。
插入语用法例题解析:
插入语是一种独立成分,通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。
例1:____the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
解析:本题答案为C. generally speaking为分词短语,意思是“一般来说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有:strictly speaking(严格地说),generally considering(一般认为),judging from……(根据……判断)等。
例2:Two middle-aged passengers fellin to the sea.____, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact
B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately
D. Naturally
解析:本题答案为C. unfortunately为副词,意思是“令人遗憾地,不巧,可惜”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地说),obviously(显然),naturally(天然地),luckily(happily)forsb.(算某人幸运),fortunately(幸好),strangely(奇怪),briefly(简单地说)等。
例3:Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard, ____, you failed.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the same time
解析:本题答案为C. in other words为介词短语,意思是“换句话说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的介词短语有:in conclusion(总之),in a word(简而言之),in short(简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view(在我看来),in his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先),in addition(此外),of course(当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的),to her regret(使她遗憾的),for example(例如)等。
例4:It is so nice to hear from her.____, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What's more
B. That is to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it or not
解析:本题答案为D. believe it or not为一分句,意思是“信不信由你”,在句中作插入语。
小结:用简短的句子结构作插入语,它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有:I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I believe(我相信),do you know(你知道吗),you see(你明白),I'm afraid(恐怕),it is said(据说),I suppose(我想),what's more(而且),what's worse(更糟糕的是),that is(也就是说),what is important(重要的是)等。
例5:____with you, I have no money to spare.
A. To be frank
B. What's more
C. In addition
D. However
解析:本题答案为A. to be frank为不定式短语,意思是“坦率地说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be sure(无疑地),to sumup(概括地说),to tell the truth(老实说)等。
例6_____, he should have done such a thing.
A. Speakinggeneral
B. Strangetosay
C. Luckily
D. Ofcourse
解析:本题答案为B. strange to say为形容词短语,意思是“说也奇怪”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用说),mos timportant of all(最为重要),worse still(更糟糕的),even better(更好)等。
插入语的几种类型:
1)形容词(短语)作插入语:
能用作插入语的形容词(短语)常见的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strangetosay, mostimportantofall,sureenough等。
如:True, it would be too bad. 真的,太糟了。
Wonderful, we have won again. 太好了,我们又赢了。
2)副词(短语)作插入语:
能用作插入语的副词(短语)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however, generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly, perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,orrather等。
如:When he got there, he found, however, that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那儿之后他发现,那儿的天气太坏了。
Otherwise, he would still be at home. 不然的话,他还会在家的。
3)介词短语作插入语:
能用作插入语的介词短语有:in fact,in one's opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one's surprise,in short,as a matter of fact, in conclusion,in brief等。
如:You can't wait any more-in other words, you should start at once. 你不能再等了—换言之,你得立即出发。
On the contrary, we should streng then our cooperation with them. 相反,我们应该加强和他们的合作。
4)V-ing(短语)作插入语:
能用作插入语的V-ing(短语)常见的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of,considering等。
如:Generally speaking, the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般来说,那儿的气候冬天不太冷,夏天不太热。
Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist. 从衣着来判断,他可能是个艺术家。
5)不定式短语作插入语:
能用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sumup,to start with,to begin with等。
如:To be frank, I don't quite agree with you. 坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。
To tell you the truth, I'm not so interested in the matter. 跟你说实话,我对这件事情的兴趣不大。
To sumup, success results from hard work. 总而言之,成功是艰苦努力的结果。
6)句子(陈述句和一般疑问句)作插入语:
能用作插入语的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I'm afraid,you see,what's more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等。
如:Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些动物只是半冬眠,就是说,它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。
I believe, China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我确信,中国迟早会赶上发达国家。
He can't pass the exam, because he doesn't study hard.
What's more, he isn't so clever. 他不能通过这次考试,因为他学习不认真,更何况他又不太聪明。
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