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高中二年级英语

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  • 单选题
    Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _____it was 20 years ago, ______it was so poorly equipped.
    [     ]

    A.  what ;when
    B.   that; which
    C.  what; which
    D.  which; that
    本题信息:2012年黑龙江省期中题英语单选题难度一般 来源:谢雪莲
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本试题 “Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _____it was 20 years ago, ______it was so poorly equipped.[ ]A. what ;whenB. that; w...” 主要考查您对

非限制性定语从句

主语从句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 非限制性定语从句
  • 主语从句

非限制性定语从句的概念:

非限制性定语是对被修饰名词或代词的附加说明,它不是必需的,如果去掉,也不会影响句子的意思,它与被修饰名词之间通常用逗号分开。
如:The travellers, knowing about the floods, took another road. 游客们知道发了大水,都改道走了。
        The boys, wanting to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些男孩子想踢足球,因为下雨感到失望。


非限制性定语从句用法:

1、引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which(不用that)。
例如:Heat is another form of energy, which is as important as other kinds of energy.
            热是另一种形式的能量,与其他形式的能量一样重要。 (从句表补充说明,而且关系代词which不能换成that。)   
2、引导非限定性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指前面整个句子的含义。
例如:That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.
            彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已传得沸沸扬扬。(句子中的which指“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这整个句子的意思。)   
3、除which外,还可用when,where,who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。
例如:After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 
毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。                    
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World WarII, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.  
第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。   
4、在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略,但引导非限定性定语从句的关联词不能省。
如:He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 
他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。       
The American journalist(whom/who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.
 播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。   
两例中的关系代词都在从句中作宾语。由于第二例是限定性定语从句,可以省略关系代词;第一例中的引导词不能省略,因为它引导的是非限定性定语从句。   
5、表示“正如”的含义时,通常用as引导非限定性定语从句,也可用which引导;但置于句首时,只能用as引导。   
如:China has basically succeeded in defeating SARS, which/as we have expected.
        正如我们所预料的那样,中国已基本上战胜了“非典”。     
        As is well known to everybody, Tai wan is an inseparable part of China.
        众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。   
但是当非限定性定语从句是否定含义时,就只能用which(而不用as)引导。
如:He didn't win the championship, which I hadn't expected.
        他没获得冠军,这一点是我没预料到的。


非限制性定语丛句中as, which的区别:

1、which引导非限制性定语丛句代表前面的整个句子的时候,一般是对主句的结果的说明。 
      如: He grows too fast, which makes him taller than his classmates.
2、as引导非限制性丛句代表前面整个句子时一般来讲丛句的谓语动词有三种:
A. 含有be动词:
如:He failed the exam, as is natural.
B. 实意动词的被动形式:
如:As is reported, the fire caused a great loss.
C.感官动词和意识类动词如:
如:see, hear, notice, know, learn, realize 等。 
        As you know, I am a teacher.
3、as可翻译为正如,它引导的丛句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后;which引导的该丛句只能位于主句之后。
例1:__A___he realized, I was very useful to him. 
例2:This elephant is like a snake, ___A__anybody can see. 
例3:The sun gives us light and heat, __B___makes the plan tgrow well.
          A. As(as)
          B. which
          C. that
          D. who


限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别:



从句

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
1、不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整。 可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整。
2、可以用that引导。 不可以用that引导。
3、关联词有时可以省略。 关联词不可以省略。
4、不用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开。 用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开。
5、只能修饰先行词。 可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。

非限制性定语从句的关系词:

关系代词 指代对象 指代人 指代物
主格 who which, as
宾格 whom which, as
所有格 of, whom, whose which, of which, whose
关系副词:when, where

非限定性定语从句的使用规则及注意事项:

1、which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。
2、在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which。其中,介词的选用,依据从句中的动词所需搭配的介词来选用。例句:
① Attitudes towards day dreaming are changing in much the same way that(inwhich)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
    人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
② I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 
    我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
③ We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
    刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3、as有时也可用作关系代词。
4、在非限定性定语从句中,关系词不能用that。


主语从句的概念:

如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,whichwhatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用。


主语从句用法:

1、主语从句的引导词:
主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:
如:That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是奇迹。
        When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
        What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
        What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
        Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

2、主语从句与形式主语it:
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:
(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:
如:It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。
(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
如:Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。  
        It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常不用形式主语,总是主语从句放在句首:
如:What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
        What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
(4)如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
如:Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
        How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了?

3、连词that的省略问题:
引导主语从句的连词that有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:
若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;
若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that则可以省略:
如:That you didn't go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
        It was a pity(that) you didn't go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)


主语从句应注意的几个问题:

1、that引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,但在下列情况下that从句不可提前。
(1)在It is said/reported...that结构中:
如:It is reported that a bank was robbed yesterday.
(2)在Ithappened/occurred...结构中:
Ithappenedthattheteacherwasnotintheofficethatday.
(3)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时:
如:Is it ture that you will give up the job?
2、下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。在It doesn't matter+what/whatever…结构中。
如:It doesn't matter what you say.
3、由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题 what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但是,在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对取决于其成分的含义。
如:What we need is more time.
        What were left behind were five empty bottles.