本试题 “On the Internet, ______ varieties of entertainments _____ which you can entertain yourself bothat work and at rest.[ ]A. it has; withB. there are; ...” 主要考查您对介词和介词短语
there be句型
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
介词和介词短语的概念：
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。
误用介词的三种情况：
1、多用介词：
多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错：
误：We discussed about the plan.
正：We discussed the plan. 我们讨论了计划。
误：Did he mention about the accident?
正：Did he mention the accident? 他提到那次事故了吗?
误：I saw her enter into the bank.
正：I saw her enter the bank. 我看见她进了银行。
误：He married with[to] a nurse.
正：He married a nurse. 他同一位护士结了婚。
误：How can contact with you?
正：How can contact you? 我怎么与你联系?
误：We should serve for the people heart and soul.
正：We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。
误：Who controls over the factory? (但名词control可接over)
正：Who controls the factory? 谁管理这个工厂?
误：He has a great many of friends here. (比较a great number of)
正：He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。
2、漏用介词：
漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响的影响而用错等：
误：This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理)
正：This matter is difficult to deal with. 这事很难处理。
误：He is not a man to be depended.
正：He is not a man to be depended on. 他不是个可靠的人。
误：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.
正：He took a cup of tea, and wentonwiththestory.他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。
误：My mother still regards me a child. (比较consider…as中的as可省略)
正：My mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。
误：They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.
正：They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.他们坚持要派车来接我们。
误：What he says is worth listening.
正：What he said is worth listening to.他的话值得一听。
3、错用介词：
错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然的用错：
误：She called on his office yesterday. (call on+人，call at+地点)
正：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。
误：He is engaged with a nurse.
正：He is engaged to a nurse.他与一位护士订了婚。
误：The sun rises from the east.
正：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
误：Under his help, I finished it in time.
正：With his help, I finished it in time. 在他的帮助下，我及时做完了。
误：During he was in Japan, he visited many places.
正：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。
误：We are familiar to his character.
正：We are familiar with his character.我们了解他的性格。
误：Help yourself with the fruit.
正：Help yourself to the fruit.吃点水果吧。
介词的宾语：
1、名词或代词作介词宾语：
如：Are you interested in history? 你对历史感兴趣吗？
Don't worry about it. 别为它担心。
注：若是人称代词用作介词宾语，要注意用宾格。
如：No one can sing like her. 没有人能像她那样唱歌。(不能用like she)
2、动名词作介词宾语：
如：He is good at telling stories. 他善于讲故事。
In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。
3、过去分词作介词宾语：
如：We can't regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。
I take it for granted you have read the book. 我以为你读过这本书。
注：过去分词用作介词宾语通常只见于某些固定结构中，如上面第1句涉及regard…as(认为…是)结构，第2句涉及take sth for granted(认为某事属实)。在其他情况下，介词后通常不直接跟过去分词作宾语，若语义上需要接过去分词(表被动)，可换用“being+过去分词”：
如：He went out without being seen by the others.他出去了，没有被其他人看见。
4、从句作介词宾语：
如：He was not satisfied with what she said. 他对她说的不满意。
I'm worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。
注：介词后通常不接that从句，遇此情况需考虑用其他结构：
误：He paid no attention to that she was poor.
正：He paid no attention to the fact that she was poor. 他根本不注意她很穷这一事实。
但有个别介词(如except)可接that从句。
比较：I know nothing about him except that he lives next door./I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁,其它的就不知道了。
5、不定式作介词宾语：
如：I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。
They did nothing but complain. 他们老是一个劲地抱怨。
He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看电视，他从不干任何事。
注：(1)介词后接不定式的情形通常只见于but, except等极个别个词。该不定式有时带to，有时不带to，其区别是：若其前出现了动词do，其后的不定式通常不带to；
若其前没有出现动词do，则其后的不定式通常带to。
(2)介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语，但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构：
如：He gave me some advice on how to do it. 对于如何做这事他给我提了些建议。
6、形容词作介词宾语：
如：Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。
In short, we must be prepared. 总而言之，我们要有准备。
Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情越来越糟。
注：(1)有些形容词用作介词宾语可视为其前省略了动名词being：
如：He regarded the situationas(being) serious. 他认为形势严重。
His work is far from(being) satisfactory. 他的工作丝毫不令人满意。
(2)有些“介词+形容词”的结构已构成固定搭配：in full全部地，全面地，无省略地； in private私下地，秘密地； in particular特别地；in general一般地，通常地，概括地； in brief 简言之；in short总之，简言之； in vain徒然地，徒劳无益地；for fee免费地，无偿地； for certain肯定地，确切地；for sure肯定地，确切地； for short为了简短，简称；atl arge自由自在地，逍遥法外； by far…得多
7、副词作介词宾语：
如：I can't stay for long. 我不能久呆。
It's too hot in here. 这里面太热了。
I looked every where except there. 除了那儿，我到处都看过了。
8、数词作介词宾语：
如：The city has a population of four million. 这座城市有四百万人口。
He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。
9、介词短语作介词宾语：
如：Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧。
I saw her from across the street. 我从街的对面望见了她。
注：通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词是from, till, until, since, except, instead of等。
比较：I took it from the bed. 我从床那儿(或床上)拿的。
I took it from under the bed. 我从床下拿的。
10、复合结构用作介词宾语：
如：She had no objection to Mary marrying him. 她不反对玛丽与他结婚。
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
介词短语的句法功能：
1、表语：
如：He was with a friend. 他和一个朋友在一起。
Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
注：有些介词(如because of)引出的短语通常只用作状语，不用作表语：
误：His absence is because of the rain.
正：His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。
但是，若主语是代词(不是名词)，becauseof引出的短语可用作表语：
如：It is because of hard work. 那是因为辛苦工作的原因。
2、状语：
如：Don't touch it with your hands. 别用手去摸它。
Did you do this by design or by accident? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的？
3、定语：
如：This is his reply to your letter. 这是他给你的回信。
This is the best way of doing it. 这是做此事最好的方法。
My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我对你的爱比海深。
4、宾语补足语：
如：I found everythingin good condition. 我发现一切正常。
Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。
注：用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语：
如：He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。
5、宾语：
如：A man stepped out from behind the wall. 一个人从墙后走出来。
He cannot spare anytime except on Sunday. 除星期日外，他抽不出时间。
6、主语：
如：Between6 and 7 suits me. 六点到七点对我比较适合。
After the exams is the time to relax. 考试后是轻松一下的时间。
注：介词短语通常不用作主语，尽管有时也像上面这样用作主语，但通常可视为是在一定的上下文中有所省略：
如：—When are we going to have the next meeting? 我们下次什么时候见面？
—On Tuesday may be convenient. 星期二可能比较方便。
此句中onTuesday虽用作主语，但可视为是其前省略了meeting一词：
即：Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.
there be句型的概念：
英语中的there be结构主要表示某处存在有某物，所以通常被称为存在句。其中的there为引导词，无词义，be为谓语动词，therebe后面的名词为句子主语。
therebe结构的否定式和疑问式：
1、否定式：
there be结构的否定式通常应将否定词置于动词be之后：
如：There is not any bread left. 没有一点面包了。
There isn't anything I can do for you. 我帮不了你什么忙。
若谓语中包括有助动词或情态动词，通常将否定词置于助动词与情态动词之后：
如：There can't be so many mistakes. 不可能有那么多错误。
There shouldn't be any doubt about it. 对此不应有什么怀疑。
There haven't been any parties in weeks. 好几个礼拜没开过晚会了。
另外注意以下类型的否定式：
如：There doesn't seem to have been any difficulty over the money question. 在钱的问题上似乎没发生什么困难。
2、疑问式：
there be结构的疑问式通常应将否定词置于动词be之后：
如：Is there any good film on? 映什么好电影吗?
Is there room for me in the car? 车子里还有我坐的地方吗?
Are there any letters for me? 有我的信吗?
若谓语中包括有助动词或情态动词，通常将助动词或情态动词移至句首构成疑问式：
如：Has there been an accident? 出事了吗?
Have there been any new developments? 有什么新的发展吗?
Can there have been so much rain there？那儿会下过那么多雨吗？
另外注意以下类型的疑问式：
如：Uncle Jesse, why do there have to be poor people like those? 杰西叔，为什么一定要有他们那样的穷人?
there be结构的谓语形式：
1、主谓一致问题：
若只有一个主语，谓语的数则取决于该主语的数；若有几个主语并列，则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致：
如：There is a man at the door. 门口有个人。
There are some girls in the room. 房间里有几个女孩。
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
2、时态问题：
there be结构的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现，它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时等多种时态形式：
如：There is going to be[will be] an English film tonight. 今晚将有一场英语电影。
There was a lot to be done. 有很多事要做。
There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。
There have been many such accidents. 已发生了好几起那样的事故。
There had been two seafights between them. 他们之间发生了两场海战。
3、与情态动词连用：
there be结构有时可以与情态动词连用：
如：There may be a storm tomorrow. 明天可能有风暴。
There used to be a hospital here. 原来这里有家医院。
He felt there must be something wrong. 他感到准有什么问题。
There might still be hope. 可能还有希望。
There ought to be a comma here. 这儿应有一个逗号。
4、动词be换成其他动词：
有时可将there be中的动词：be换为live, remain, seem, appear, exist, stand, lie, come等：
如：Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Joe Beef. 从前有个人名叫乔·比夫。
There seems[appears] something the matter with her. 她好像是出了什么事似的。
There existed different opinions on this problem. 对这个问题曾有不同看法。
There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩28英镑了。
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. 在小山顶上有一座古庙。
5、与其他动词搭配使用：
there be结构有时可与其他动词搭配使用，构成一种复合谓语：
如：There seemed to be nobody about, so I went in. 附近似乎没有人，因此我就走了进去。
There happened to be a man walking by. 恰好有一个人从旁经过。
therebe结构的非谓语形式：
基本结构：there be结构的非谓语形式有两种基本结构，即there being和there to be：
1、there being结构该结构的主要用法有：
(1)用作状语：
如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 由于没什么其他的事要干，所以我们就回家了。
There having been no rain, the ground was dry. 由于没有下雨，所以地面很干。
【注】有时可与状语从句转换：
如：There being no further business(=As there was no further business), I declared the meeting closed. 由于没有别的事了，我宣布闭会。
(2)用作介词宾语：
如：There is now some hope of there being a settle ment of the dispute. 现在有点希望可以解决这次争端。
2、There to be结构该结构的主要用法有：
(1)用作动词宾语：该结构可用作某些动词（如like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, consider等）的宾语：
如：I don't want there to be any misunderstanding. 我可不希望有任何误解。
Students hate there to be too much homework. 学生讨厌做太多的家庭作业。
We expect there to be more discussion about this. 我们期望能对此展开更多的讨论。
【注】在let there be结构中，动词be不带to：
如：Don't let there be any noise. 不允许有任何吵闹。
Let there be no mistake about it. 这事不要出错。
(2)用作介词for的宾语：
如：They asked for there to be another meeting. 他们要求再开一次会议。
【注】用作介词宾语一般用there being，但用作介词for的宾语时，只能用there to be。
比较：They planned on there being another meeting. 他们打算再开一次会议。
They planned for there to be another meeting. 他们打算再开一次会议。
几个重要句型和结构：
1、There is no doing结构：
其意为“不可能…”、“无法…”：
如：There's no denying the fact. 这一事实不容否认。
There is no getting over the difficulty. 这困难无法克服。
There is no knowing what he will do next. 无法知道他下一步要干什么。
There was no telling when she would be back. 没法知道她什么时候回来。
2、There is no difficulty in doing sth结构：
意为“做某事没有困难”：
如：There is no difficulty in finding his office. 找到了他的办公室没费一点劲。
There was no difficulty in carrying out the plan. 执行这项计划没什么困难。
3、There's no doubt…结构：
意为“毫无疑问…”：
如：There is no doubt of his success. 毫无疑问他一定会成功。
There could be no doubt that he was one of the best writer in this country. 毫无疑问他是这个国家最优秀的作家之一。
4、There is no hurry(to do sth)句式：
其意为“不用急(于做某事)”：
如：There's no hurry to return the book. 现在不急于还书。
There's no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully. 不用赶时间，要慢慢细心地做。
5、There's no need for…结构：
其意为“不需要或不必要…”：
如：There is no need for help. 不需要帮助。
There is no need for you to go. 你没有必要去。
6、There is no question about...结构：
其意为“…是毫无疑问的”：
如：There's no question about his success. 毫无疑问他会成功。
There's no question about his honesty. 毫无疑问他是诚实的。
7、There is no question of doing sth句式：
其意为“做某事是不可能的”：
如：There is no question of his coming. 他不可能会来。
There is no question of our arriving on time. 我们不可能准时赶到。
8、There is no sense in doing sth结构：
意为“做某事没有道理或好处”：
如：There's no sense in criticizing him. 批评他也没有用。
There's no sense in waiting three hours. 等三小时是不没有道理的。
9、There's no point in doing sth句式：
意为“做某事没有用”：
如：There's no point(in) telling her about it. 告诉她没有用。
如：There's no point in wasting time. 耗时间没用。
【注】以上有的结构中的no根据情况也可换成其他限定词：
如：There is some difficulty in doing sth 意为“做某事有些困难”。
There is much difficulty in doing sth 意为“做某事许多困难”。
There's a need for… 意为“需要或有必要…”。
10、“there be＋名词＋动词”结构：
（1）there be+宾语+现在分词现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行：
如：There is some one waiting for him. 有人在等他。
There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站着一个男人。
There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里劳动。
有时现在分词可表示一种状态：
如：There's a piano standing against the wall. 靠墙有一架钢琴。
There're a lot of difficulties facing us. 我们面前有很多困难。
There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座门通往花园。
有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样)：
如：There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10个人来吃晚饭。
（2）there be+宾语+过去分词过去分词表示一种被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生：
如：There is nothing written on it. 上面没写东西。
There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人丧生。有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构)：
There were some old men seated(=who were seated)in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。
There is a red car parked(=which is parked)outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。
（3）therebe+宾语+不定式不定式通常表示动作尚未发生：
如：There was nobody to look after the child. 没有人照顾这孩子。
There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要来给他送行。
There was so much to lose that we couldn't take any risks. 可能会有很大的损失，因此我们不能冒险。
【注】当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时，可用主动表被动，也可用被动式：
如：There is much work to do[to be done]. 有许多工作要做。有时其中的不定式为系表结构：
There is nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可怕的。
What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?
There's nothing to be ashamed of. 没有什么值得羞愧的。
与“On the Internet, ______ varieties of entertainments _____...”考查相似的试题有：