本试题 “按要求改写句子。1. It isabout four and a half hoursfrom Fukang to Ununqi by bus. (对划线部分提问)__________ from Fukang to Unmnqi by bus?2. This ne...” 主要考查您对疑问代词
疑问副词
副词
助动词的单数第三人称形式
被动语态
分词
并列连词
固定搭配
疑问词组
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
疑问代词:
疑问代词在句中起名词的作用,用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有:
what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有词性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。
what, which, whose还可作限定词。
Whose books are these on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?
疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:
指 人: who, whom, whose
指 物: what
既可指人又可指物: which
疑问代词说明:
一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:
Which girls do you like best?
你喜欢哪几个姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
二、Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:
For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。
疑问副词的用法:
1.疑问副词是问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词,主要有when, where, how, why。
2.疑问副词用在句首。
How long have you been staying in America?
你在美国待多久了?
3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。
I want to know where she has gone.
我想知道她去哪里了。
4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。
How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache.
如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。
(How to solve the problem作主词。)
I don't know how to answer the question.
我不知道如何回答这个问题。
(how to answer the question作受词。)
The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it.
这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。
(where to get it作主词补语。)
5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。
When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet.
我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。
(When we are to start the competition作主词。)
She asked her husband where he had been.
她问她丈夫去哪里了。
(where he had been 作受词。)
The question is when we can finish our work.
问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。
(when we can finish our work作主词补语。)
副词分类:
1、时间副词有三类:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词
1)表示发生时间的副词:
It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了!
2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词:
She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。
3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:
He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2、地点副词:
1)有不少表示地点的副词:
She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:
①用作介词:Stand up! 起立!
②用作副词:A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。
3)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:
It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
3、方式副词:
carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly
4、程度副词:
much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly.
5、疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6、关系副词:
when, where, why.等。
7、 连接副词:
therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。
副词的语法作用:
副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语,定语。
He works hard. (作状语)
他工作努力。
You speak English very well. (作状语)
你英语讲的相当好。
Is she in ? (作表语)
她在家吗?
Let's be out. (作表语)
让我们出去吧。
Food here is hardly to get. (here作定语,hardly作状语)
这儿很难弄到食物。
Let him out!(作补语)
让他出去!
修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后
a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.
不同类型副词的用法比较:
方式副词:
1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):
How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。
2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:
She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:
He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
程度副词和强调副词 :
1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”: Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗?
[说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):
a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确
b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快
2)much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:
a. 修饰形容词等:
I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。
b. 修饰比较级:
You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。
Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。
疑问副词和连接副词:
1)疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:
how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗?
where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人?
when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来?
why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚?
2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:
how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?
where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)
when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。(引导宾语从句)
why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。(引导表语从句)
一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:
Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。
Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。
助动词 |
be |
do |
have |
shall |
will |
单三形式 |
is |
does |
has |
shall |
will |
时态 |
被动语态 |
一般现在时 |
am/is/are+过去分词 |
一般过去时 |
was/were+过去分词 |
现在进行时 |
am/is/are being+过去分词 |
过去进行时 |
was/were being+过去分词 |
一般将来时 |
will be+过去分词 |
过去将来时 |
would be+过去分词 |
现在完成时 |
have/has been+过去分词 |
过去完成时 |
had been+过去分词 |
情态动词 |
情态动词be+过去分词 |
现在分词构成形式:
①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing
⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking
过去分词构成形式:
1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited
(2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
(5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,
picnic→picnicked ,traffic→trafficked
2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表
分词用法:
1、分词作状语
分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。
完成或被动关系用过去分词。
①现在分词:
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
②过去分词:
Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.
Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构
现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。
①现在分词:
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
②过去分词:
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分词作定语
分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
4、分词作宾语补足语
现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
例:I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.
5、分词作表语
分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;
①过去分词:
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
She felt confused, and even frightened.
②现在分词:
He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
并列连词表示关系及代表实例:
1.表示并列关系
表示并列关系的连词主要含有“和”、“补充”、“增加”等意思。用来表达并列关系的连词有如下几个:
and 和 both...and...二者都
either...or...或者...或者...
neither...nor...既不...也不...
as well as 也、连同
not only...but (also)... 不但...而且...
e.g.
I used to live in Paris and London.
我过去住在伦敦和巴黎。
Both Jane and Jim are interested in pop music.
詹妮和吉姆对流行音乐都很感兴趣。
She is not only kind but also honest.
她不但和蔼而且诚实。
Bob as well as his parents is going on holiday this summer.
鲍勃和他的父母今年夏天要去度假。
2.表示转折关系
常用来表示转折关系的并列连词有如下几个:
but 但是
yet 然而
still 仍然
while 然而
while 然而、偏偏
e.g.
The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.
北京的冬天很冷,然而昆明的冬天却很温暖。
I explained twice, still he counldn't understand.
我解释了两遍,然而他却还不懂。
3.表示选择关系
表示选择关系的并列连词:
or 或者
or else 否则
otherwise 否则
neither...nor... 既不...也不...
either...or... 或者...或者...
e.g.
Would you like leave or would you like to stay?
你是想走还是想留?
You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.
你可以星期六来也可以星期天来。
Neither you nor I nor anyone else believes such things.
不管你我或者其他任何人都不会相信这件事。
4.表示因果推理关系
表示因果关系的并列连词主要有so,for,then,therefore 等。
e.g.
The air here is polluted, so the crops are dying.
这里的空气受到了污染,所以庄稼快死了。
The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.
树叶在落下,因为秋天已经到来了。
种类 |
用法 |
举例 |
并列连词 |
表示转折关系 |
but, yet等 |
表示因果关系 |
For, so等 | |
表示并列关系 |
And, or, either…or, |
初中英语常见固定搭配:
(一)加-ing
enjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做----
spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费---
try doing 试着做------
be busy doing sth 忙于做------
finish doing sth 完成做----
look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时)
be doing 正在做---
Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你
(二)加-to
decide to do sth 决定去做-----
ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做----
It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样)
would like / want to do 想要做-----
It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----
(三)加原形
let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事
be going to / will do sth (一般将来时态)
(四)加-to 或-ing意思不同
forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做)
forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做)
remember doing记得做过了-----(已做)
remember to do记得去做------(还没做)
(五)加-to 或-ing意思相同
begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------
(六)
A)动词+ 介词
agree with同意....的意见(想法);符合
help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) listen to听...
..get to到达....
fall off (从......)掉下base on以....(为)根据
knock at /on敲(门、窗)
laugh at嘲笑
learn.. from 向...学习
live on继续存在;靠...生活
look after照顾,照看look at看;观看
look for寻找
look like看起来像
pay for (sth.)付钱;支付
point at指示;指向
point to指向....prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢
quarrel with (和某人)吵架
regard...as ...把....当作....;当作
stop...from阻止.....做.....
talk about说话;谈话;谈论
talk with与......交谈think about考虑
think of认为;想起
B)动词+ 副词
ask for请求;询问
carry on坚持下去;继续下去
cut down砍倒
clean up清除;收拾干净
come down下来;落
come along来;随同
come in进来
come on来吧;跟着来;赶快
come over过来;顺便来访
come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽)
drop off放下(某物);下车
eat up吃光;吃完
fall behind落在......后面;输给别人
fall down跌倒;从......落下
find out查出(真相)
get back回来;取回
get down下来;落下;把......取下来
get off下来;从......下来get on上(车)
get up起床
give up放弃go on继续
go out出去
go over过一遍;仔细检查
grow up长大;成长
hand in交上来
hurry up赶快
hold on (口语)等一等;(打电话时)不挂断
look out留神;注意
look over (仔细)检查
look up向上看;抬头看
pass on传递;转移到....
pick up拾起;捡起
put away放好;把....收起来
put on穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演;放(唱片等
put down把(某物)放下来
put up挂起;举起
run away流失;逃跑;逃走
rush out冲出去
set off出发;动身;
启程send up发射;把......往上送
shut down把......关上
sit down坐下
slow down减缓;减速
take off脱掉(衣服)
take out取出
throw about乱丢;抛撒
trip over (被......)绊倒
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等)
try out试验;尝试
turn down关小;调低
turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等
turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)
turn over (使)翻过来
wake up醒来
wear out把......穿旧;磨坏
work out算出;制订出
write down写下....
C) be + 形容词+ 介词
be angry with对(某人)发脾气
be interested in对......感兴趣
be able to能;会
be afraid of害怕
be amazed at对......感到惊讶
be excited about对......感到兴奋
be filled with用......充满
be full of充满......的
be good at =do well in在....方面做得好;善于
be late for迟到
be made in在......生产或制造
be made of由....组成;由....
be pleased with对......感到满意
be proud of以......自豪/高兴
be used for用于
D)动词+ 名词/ 代词
beg one′s pardon请原谅;对不起
do morning exercises做早操
do one′s homework做作业
enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐;玩得愉快
give a concert开音乐会
go boating去划船
go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行
go skating去滑冰
go shopping (去)买东西
have a cold (患)感冒
have a cough (患)咳嗽
have a headache (患)头痛
have a try尝试;努力
have a look看一看
have a rest休息
have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐;坐下
have sports进行体育活动
have supper吃晚餐
hear of听说
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
make a decision作出决定
make a mistake犯错误
make a noise吵闹
make faces做鬼脸
make friends交朋友
make money赚钱
take one′s place坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务
teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学
watch TV看电视
take photos照相
take time花费(时间)
take turns轮流
E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
catch up with赶上
come up with找到;提出(答案、解决办法等)
get on well with与......相处融洽
give birth to生(孩子)
help yourself / yourselves to自取;随便吃
make room for给.....腾出地方
play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧
speak highly of称赞
say good bye to告别;告辞
take an active part in积极参加
take care of照顾;照料;注意
F)其他类型
be awake醒着的
be born出生
be busy doing忙着做
come true实现
do one′s best尽最大努力
fall asleep睡觉;入睡
go home回家
go on doing (sth.)继续做某事;尽力
get married结婚
get together相聚
go straight along 沿着...一直往前走
had better (do)最好(做...)
keep doing sth.一直做某事
make sure确保;确认;查明
make up one′s mind下决心
与how搭配的疑问词组:
How在英语中通常用作副词,是特殊疑问句中本领最大的疑问词。他与其它形容词或副词搭配组成疑问词组
1.How old问年龄、年代。
How old is your friend? 你朋友多大了?
How old is the bridge? 这座桥有多少年代了?
2.How many问可数名词数量。常将可数名词复数紧随其后。如:
How many pictures are there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅画?
How many glasses of milk would you like? 你们想要几杯牛奶?
3.How much询问不可数名词的数量、物品的价格。
How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里有多少钱?
How much are the apples at the moment? 目前苹果什么价钱?
4.How long提问物体的长度、时间的长短。
How long is the Changjia River? 长江有多长?
How long does it take you to do your homework every day?
你每天花多长时间做作业?
5.How soon 对 “in+一段时间 ”提问, 表示“多久之后”。
How soon will you be back? 你多久后回来?
6.How often对表示频率的副词或短语提问。
How often does Mrs. Green go shopping? 格林夫人多久去购一次物?
7.How about用来征求对方意见。
Your father is a worker, how about your mother? 你父亲是工人,你母亲呢?
How about playing games after school this afternoon? 下午放学后做游戏怎么样?
8.How far 问两地间的距离How tall问人(树)的高度;how heavy问重量;how wide问宽;how high可以询问建筑物、山峰高度。
How far is it from the earth to the moon? 从地球到月球有多远?
How tall is Yao Ming? 姚明身高多少?
How heavy is that big box? 那只大箱子有多重?
How wide is the new street? 这条新街有多宽?
How high is the tower in Paris? 巴黎的那座塔有多高?
与what搭配的疑问词组:
疑问词 | 意思 | 用法 | 例句 |
what | 什么 | 用来问是什么,叫什么,做什么等 | 1. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字? 2.What’s your father? 你爸爸是干什么的? 3.what is in your box? 你的盒子里是什么? |
what time |
什么时间 | 用来问时间 | 1.What time is it? 几点了? 2.What time is it now? 现在几点了? |
what colour |
什么颜色 | 用来问颜色 | 1.waht colour is your bag? 你的书包是什么颜色? 2.what colour is your book? 你的书本是什么颜色? |
what about |
怎么样 | 用来征求意见或询问感受等, 大多用于承接上面的同样问题 |
1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样? |
what day |
星期几 | 用来问星期几 | 1.what day is it today? 今天星期几? 2. what day was yesterday? 昨天星期几? |
what date |
什么日期 | 问具体的日期 | 1.What’s the date today? 今天是几号? 2. what date is tomorrow? 明天是几号? |
what...for... | 为何目的 | 用来问目的,在一定情况下只可以与why互换 | What did you buy that for? 你为什么要买那个? |
与“按要求改写句子。1. It isabout four and a half hoursfrom F...”考查相似的试题有: