返回

高中三年级英语

首页
  • 单选题
    One of the men held the view ____ the book said was right.
    [     ]

    A. that what
    B. what that
    C. that
    D. whether
    本题信息:2011年专项题英语单选题难度一般 来源:姜雪
  • 本题答案
    查看答案
本试题 “One of the men held the view ____ the book said was right.[ ]A. that whatB. what thatC. thatD. whether” 主要考查您对

连接代词

主语从句

同位语从句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 连接代词
  • 主语从句
  • 同位语从句

连接代词的概念:

连接代词常用来引导一个主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever等。


whatever, whoever, whichever 用法说明:

主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句。
如:He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。 
        Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
        I'll give the ticket to whoever want sit. 请想要这票,我就把它给谁。 
        Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。
注:其中的ever主要用于加强语气,含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时,注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构:
如:任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。
误:Anyone comes first can get a ticket./ Who comes first can get a ticket.
正:Anyone who comes first can get a ticket./ Whoever comes first can get a ticket.


连接代词的用法:

1、连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句:
如:I don't know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。
       What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来很有道理。 
       The question is who(m) we should trust. 问题是我们该信任谁。 
       I'll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。 
       Take whichever seat you like? 你喜欢坐哪个座位就坐哪个?
       I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
注:who, whom, whoever等不用于名词前作定语。
2、what的两种用法。请看以下两个句子:
(1)I didn't know what he wanted. 我不知道他想要什么。
(2)I gave her what she wanted. 我给了她想要的一切。
上面第一句中的what表示“什么”,带有疑问的意味;第二句中的what表示“所…的一切事或东西”,其意义上大致相当于that(those) which, the thing(things) that, anything that, all that, as much as等,又如:
What[=That which] you say is quite true. 你说的完全是事实。
He saves what[=all that] he earns. 他赚多少,积蓄多少。
Call it what[=anything that] you please. 你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。
这样用的what有时还可后接一个名词:
如:He gave me what money[=all the money that] he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
        What friends[=All the friends that] he has are out of the country. 他所有的朋友都在国外。


连接代词知识体系:

 


whatever, whoever, whichever 用法说明:

主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句。
如:He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。 
        Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
        I'll give the ticket to whoever want sit. 请想要这票,我就把它给谁。 
        Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。
注:其中的ever主要用于加强语气,含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时,注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构:
如:任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。
误:Anyone comes first can get a ticket./ Who comes first can get a ticket.
正:Anyone who comes first can get a ticket./ Whoever comes first can get a ticket.


主语从句的概念:

如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,whichwhatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用。


主语从句用法:

1、主语从句的引导词:
主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:
如:That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是奇迹。
        When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
        What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
        What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
        Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

2、主语从句与形式主语it:
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:
(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:
如:It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。
(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
如:Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。  
        It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常不用形式主语,总是主语从句放在句首:
如:What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
        What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
(4)如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
如:Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
        How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了?

3、连词that的省略问题:
引导主语从句的连词that有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:
若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;
若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that则可以省略:
如:That you didn't go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
        It was a pity(that) you didn't go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)


主语从句应注意的几个问题:

1、that引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,但在下列情况下that从句不可提前。
(1)在It is said/reported...that结构中:
如:It is reported that a bank was robbed yesterday.
(2)在Ithappened/occurred...结构中:
Ithappenedthattheteacherwasnotintheofficethatday.
(3)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时:
如:Is it ture that you will give up the job?
2、下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。在It doesn't matter+what/whatever…结构中。
如:It doesn't matter what you say.
3、由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题 what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但是,在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对取决于其成分的含义。
如:What we need is more time.
        What were left behind were five empty bottles.


同位语从句的概念:

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系。


同位语从句的用法:

1、同位语从句的引导:
词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等:
如:We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。   
        They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。 
        I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
        There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。 
        The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。
:whether可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

2、同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
(1)意义的不同:
 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:
如:We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。
(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)
        We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。
(that从句是限制thenews的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)
(2)引导词的不同:
          what, how, if, whatever等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
(3)引导词的功能上的不同:
          that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。
如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
(4)被修饰词语的区别:
          同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。
另外,when和where引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词thereason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:
如:I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
        I'll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)
        We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)
        There a son why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)


同位语从句用法解析:

一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质:  
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, which, who, when, where, why, how等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion, word, possibility等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析:they had won the game说明the news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。

二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句:
1、如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略) 
例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2、如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)
例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析:the sports meeting will be held on time 意义不完整,应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3、如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.  
析:he will be back 意义不完整,应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。 
例2:I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
析:he went home 意义不完整,应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4、当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
如:The thought came to him that may be the enemy had fled the city.