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高中一年级英语

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  • 单选题
    _____ we were worried about was _____ they could manage to control the pollution.


    A. That; how

    B. That; whether
    C. What; that
    D. What; whether
    本题信息:2010年0110期末题英语单选题难度一般 来源:张雪
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本试题 “_____ we were worried about was _____ they could manage to control the pollution. A. That; how B. That; whetherC. What; thatD. What; whether” 主要考查您对

连接代词

从属连词

主语从句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 连接代词
  • 从属连词
  • 主语从句

连接代词的概念:

连接代词常用来引导一个主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever等。


whatever, whoever, whichever 用法说明:

主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句。
如:He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。 
        Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
        I'll give the ticket to whoever want sit. 请想要这票,我就把它给谁。 
        Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。
注:其中的ever主要用于加强语气,含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时,注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构:
如:任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。
误:Anyone comes first can get a ticket./ Who comes first can get a ticket.
正:Anyone who comes first can get a ticket./ Whoever comes first can get a ticket.


连接代词的用法:

1、连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句:
如:I don't know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。
       What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来很有道理。 
       The question is who(m) we should trust. 问题是我们该信任谁。 
       I'll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。 
       Take whichever seat you like? 你喜欢坐哪个座位就坐哪个?
       I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
注:who, whom, whoever等不用于名词前作定语。
2、what的两种用法。请看以下两个句子:
(1)I didn't know what he wanted. 我不知道他想要什么。
(2)I gave her what she wanted. 我给了她想要的一切。
上面第一句中的what表示“什么”,带有疑问的意味;第二句中的what表示“所…的一切事或东西”,其意义上大致相当于that(those) which, the thing(things) that, anything that, all that, as much as等,又如:
What[=That which] you say is quite true. 你说的完全是事实。
He saves what[=all that] he earns. 他赚多少,积蓄多少。
Call it what[=anything that] you please. 你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。
这样用的what有时还可后接一个名词:
如:He gave me what money[=all the money that] he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
        What friends[=All the friends that] he has are out of the country. 他所有的朋友都在国外。


连接代词知识体系:

 


whatever, whoever, whichever 用法说明:

主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句。
如:He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。 
        Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
        I'll give the ticket to whoever want sit. 请想要这票,我就把它给谁。 
        Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。
注:其中的ever主要用于加强语气,含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时,注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构:
如:任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。
误:Anyone comes first can get a ticket./ Who comes first can get a ticket.
正:Anyone who comes first can get a ticket./ Whoever comes first can get a ticket.


从属连词的概念:

连词用于引导从句以形成句子的一部分或修饰句子的构成要素的叫作从属连词。


英语从属连词用法分类详解:

1、引导时间状语从句的从属连词:
 (1)表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的when, while, as, whenever:
如:He jumped up when the phone rang. 电话铃响时他吓了一跳。 
        We listened while the teacher read. 老师朗读时我们听着。
        The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要离开,电话铃就响了起来。
(2)表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after:
如:Turn the lights off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。
        He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。
(3)表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till:
如:He has lived here since he got married. 他结婚后就一直住在这儿。
        Most men worked until[till] they're 65. 大多数男人工作到65岁。
(4)表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等:
如:Tell him the news as soon as you see him. 你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。
        I recognized her the moment(that) I saw her. 我一看到她就认出她来了。
        I want to see him the minute(that) he arrives. 他一到来我就要见他。
        I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。
       Once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。
(5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次):
如:Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我见到他的时候,他好像有病。
        Next time you're in London come and visit us. 你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。
        Do look me up next time you're in London. 你下次到伦敦来,一定来找我。
        Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去访问他,他都不在。
       You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。
【注】every time,each time,any time前不用冠词,(the)next time, (the)last time中的冠词可以省略,而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
2、引导条件状语从句的从属连词:
这类连词主要有if, unless, as[so] long as, incase等:
如:If anyone calls tell them I'm not at home. 要是有人打电话来,就说我不在家。
        You will fail unless you work hard. 你若不努力就会失败。
        As[So] long as you need me, I'll stay. 只要你需要我,我就留下。
        In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记,请提醒我一下。
【注】在条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。不过,有时表示条件的if之后可能用will,但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词):
如:If you will wait a moment, I'll fetch the money. 请等一下,我就去拿钱。
3、引导目的状语从句的从属连词:
主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等:
如:We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节约时间。
        Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 说清楚,以便让他们能明白你的意思。
        Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 安静些,免得把婴儿吵醒。
        He is working hard for fear he should fail. 他努力工作以免会失败。
4、引导结果状语从句的从属连词:
主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等:
如:We're all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我们现在都到齐了,终于能开会了。
        It's so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一个很难的问题,我们没有一个人能回答。
        He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗户用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。
【注】so that中的that在口语中通常可以省略。
5、引导原因状语从句的从属连词:
主要的有because, as, since, seeing(that), now(that), considering(that)等:
如:He couldn't got to school because he had a cold. 他因患感冒而未能去上学。
        Since everybody is here, let's begin our discussion. 大家都到了,我们就开始吧。
        Seeing that it is 8o'clock, we'll wait no longer. 由于时间已到8点,我们将不再等了。
        Now that you are here, you'd better stay. 你既然来了,最好还是留下吧。
6、引导让步状语从句的从属连词:
主要有although, though, eventhough, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等:
如:Although[Though] he is poor, he is well contented. 他虽穷却能知足常乐。
        Though[Even though] it's hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是苦活,但我乐意干。
        Even if you don't like wine, try a glass of this. 即使你不喜欢喝酒,也尝尝这杯吧。
7、引导方式状语从句的从属连词:
主要有as, like, as if, as though, the way等:
如:Do it as[like] he does. 像他那样做。
        He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。
        They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
        Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do.没有人像我这样爱你。
8、引导地点状语从句的从属连词:
主要有where, wherever, everywhere等:
如:There were lots of parks where I lived. 我住的地方有许多公园。
        Sit wherever you like. 你想坐在那儿就坐在那儿。
        Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们每到一个地方都受到热烈欢迎。
9、引导比较状语从句的从属连词:
主要有than和as…as:
如:It's easier than I thought. 这比我想像的要容易。
        They are as often wrong as they are right. 他们错对各半。
10、引导名词性从句的从属连词:
主要有that, if, whether:
如:It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。 
       Your greatest fault is that you are careless. 你最大的缺点是粗心大意。
       Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。
       She didn't say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。


从属连词知识体系:

 


用作从属连词的六类名词结构:

英语中有些名词结构可用作从属连词,用以引导状语从句,且主要是时间状语从句。这类结构归纳起来有以下六类:
一、the+瞬间名词:
其中的瞬间名词主要包括moment, minute, instant, second等,其意为“一……就……”,相当于as soon as。
如:The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他对她一见倾心。  
Telephone me the moment(that) you get the results. 你一有结果,马上给我打电话。 
I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 我很累,一合上眼就睡着了。
Sheputdownthereceiverthesecondsherecognizedmyvoice.她一听出是我的声音,马上就放下电话听筒。
注:其中的瞬间名词后可接that,也可省略。另外,有的个别副词(如directly/immediately等)也可表示类似意思。
如: Immediately the meal was over,he switchedon the radio.饭一吃完他就把收音机打开。

二、the+季节名词:
其中的季节名词包括spring,summer,autumn,winter,其意为“在……的那年春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。
如:His wife left him thes pring he went abroad.在他出国的那年春天,他的妻子离开了他。
He sold his house and went to the souththe summer he lost hisjob.在他失业的那年夏天,他卖掉房子去了南方。
He was sentto prison the winter his third daughter was born.在他第三个女儿出生的那年冬天,他被关进了监狱。
She got married the autumn she graduated from college.她大学毕业的那年秋天就结婚了。

三、the+时间名词:
其中的时间名词主要包括hour,day,night,week,month,season,year等,其意为“在……的时候、那天、那个晚上、那周、那个月、那个季节、那年”。
如: The hour he wa sin her office,he felt very sad.当他在她办公室的时候,他感到很伤心。
The day here turned home,his father was already dead.他回家的那一天,他的父亲已经死了。
The night I wenttoseeher,shehadleftforBeijingtoattendanimportantmeeting.就我去看她的那个晚上,她到北京去开一个重要的会议了。
Mr Smith didn't go to work the week his wife was ill.史密斯先生在他妻子生病的那个星期没去上班。
They ear helivedinthecountry,he learned alot.他在乡下呆的那一年,他学到了不少东西。

四、the+序数词+time
其中的序数词包括first,second,third,fourth等,其意为“当第几次……的时候”。
如: My girlfriend beat me at pokert he first time weplayed.我头一次和女朋友打扑克,她就把我赢了。
These cond time I saw her,she looked like an old woman.我第二次见到她时,她看上去像一个老太婆。
The third time I went there,I found all of them had left and the offices were all empty.我第三次去那儿时,我发现他们都离开了,所有的办公室都是空的。
注:
1.next,last也具有类似序数词的性质,因此也具有以上用法。
如: Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你进来,请关门。
Thelasttimewetalkedhesaidheneededanothertwodays.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。
2.thefirsttime,thesecondtime,thethirdtime等用作连词引导时间状语从句时,其前通常要有定冠词,而(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime引导状语从句时,其中的冠词可以省略,如下面这道上海高考题,其答案是C,不是A:
I though ther nice and honest______Imether.
A.first time  B.fo rthe first time C.the first timeD.by the first time

五、不定代词+time
其中的不定代词主要包括each,every,any等。
如:Every time I ringher,the phone is engaged.我每次给她打电话,电话都占线。
Every time I see him he either wants to tell me his trouble or borrow some money.每次我见到他,他不是向我诉苦,就是要向我借钱。
He felt nervous each times he spoke to him.每次她和他讲话,他都感到紧张。
AnytimeyoucometoLondondolookmeup.你无论什么时候到伦敦来,一定要来看我。
注意:everytime,eachtime,anytime用作连词引导状语从句时其前习惯上不用冠词,它与the first time,these cond time,the third time等引导时间状语从句时其前必须要用定冠词不同。

六、其他名词结构
以上归纳的名词结构均用于引导时间状语从句,有些其他结构还可引导其他性质的状语从句,如the way可用于引导方式状语从句,表示“像……一样”。如:
The didn’t do it the way we do now.那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。
Joyce looked at me the way alotof girls did.乔伊丝像许多姑娘那样瞧着我。
注:这样用的theway与as用法相似。
如:Hold itin both hands,the way(=as)Mummy does.用两只手捧住,像妈妈那样。


主语从句的概念:

如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,whichwhatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用。


主语从句用法:

1、主语从句的引导词:
主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:
如:That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是奇迹。
        When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
        What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
        What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
        Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

2、主语从句与形式主语it:
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:
(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:
如:It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。
(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
如:Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。  
        It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常不用形式主语,总是主语从句放在句首:
如:What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
        What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
(4)如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
如:Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
        How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了?

3、连词that的省略问题:
引导主语从句的连词that有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:
若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;
若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that则可以省略:
如:That you didn't go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
        It was a pity(that) you didn't go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)


主语从句应注意的几个问题:

1、that引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,但在下列情况下that从句不可提前。
(1)在It is said/reported...that结构中:
如:It is reported that a bank was robbed yesterday.
(2)在Ithappened/occurred...结构中:
Ithappenedthattheteacherwasnotintheofficethatday.
(3)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时:
如:Is it ture that you will give up the job?
2、下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。在It doesn't matter+what/whatever…结构中。
如:It doesn't matter what you say.
3、由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题 what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但是,在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对取决于其成分的含义。
如:What we need is more time.
        What were left behind were five empty bottles.