After the flood, no house in the village _________. People _________ h,高中一年级,英语试题,系动词考点,现在分词考点,一般过去时的被动语态考点,好技网

单选题
After the flood, no house in the village _________. People _________ homeless.
[ ]

A. left standing, remain
B. remained standing, were left
C. was remained standing, were left
D. was left to stand, remain

本题信息：2012年江苏期中题英语单选题难度一般来源:姜雪
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本试题 “After the flood, no house in the village _________. People _________ homeless.[ ]A. left standing, remainB. remained standing, were leftC. was rema...” 主要考查您对
系动词

现在分词

一般过去时的被动语态
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。

系动词
现在分词
一般过去时的被动语态

系动词的概念：

连系动词（link verb）是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须后接表语（通常为名词或形容词）。连系动词的功能主要是把表语（名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句）和它的主语联系在一起，说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它是虚词。

系动词的分类：

1、状态系动词：
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。
例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2、持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand：
例如：The weather will continue cold and wet.
            He remained poor after 20years.
            The shop will stay open at 11:00p.m.
            He stood/sat silent there.
3、表像系动词：
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。
例如：She appears to have know this thing.
            She seems a student.
4、感官系动词：
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。
例如：The silk feels soft.
            Your idea sounds a good one.
            He looked like his mother.
            The mixture tasted terrible.
            The flower smells sweet.
5、变化系动词：
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。
例如：My dream o fcoming to China has come true.
            In summer food often goes bad.
            He turned doctor./ He became a doctor.
            He fell asleep as soon as he went to bed.
6、终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out，表达"证实"，"变成"之意。
例如：The truth he stuck to proved true.

系动词基本用法：

连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。
常见的连系动词有be(是)，become(成为)，get(变成)，remain(还是)，seem(似乎是)，look(看上去)，feel(感觉)等。
连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词，有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等：
如：His English is excellent. 他的英语很棒。(跟形容词)
        He is a famous poet. 他是著名诗人。(跟名词)
        Money isn't everything. 金钱不是一切。(跟代词)
        She was the first to arrive. 她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词)
        Who is up stairs? 谁在楼上？(跟副词)
        He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语)
        He seems to be ill.他似乎病了。(跟不定式)
        Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。(跟动名词)
        This is what you need. 这就是你需要的。(跟从句)
注：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。
例如：1、She tasted①the soup to see if it tasted②too salty. 她尝了一口汤，看是否太咸。
            2、The doctor is feeling①his pulse because he feels②sick. 因为身体不舒服，医生正在给他切脉。
            3、The mother looked①at the sick child sadly and she looked②sad. 母亲难过地看着生病的孩子。
            4、She smelled①the meat to make sure it still smelled②good. 她闻了闻肉，看看是否还新鲜。
            5、The teacher asked the students to keep②quite when they were keeping①everything in order. 当学生整理东西时，老师让他们保持安静。
从以例子不难出，标①的动词为实义动词，他们后跟有宾语；标②的动词为系动词，其后往往跟形容词、名词、不定式等作表语。

系动词知识体系：

连系动词使用应注意的两点：

1、关于连系动词后接副词作表语：
连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语，一般不接副词：
误：His English is very well. 他的英语很好。(应将well改为good)
误：Be carefully. 小心点。(应将carefully改为careful)
误：The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice)
但是，有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语，不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词：
如：Mother wasn't in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。
        The meeting was over at five. 会议五点结束。
        Come along. The taxi is outside. 来吧，出租车在外面。
        Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。
2、关于连系动词后接不定式：
（1）连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：
如：My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。
        All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。
        My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。
        I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去见凯先生的。
（2）seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come等连系动词后也可接不定式（尤其是to be）作表语：
如：She always seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。
        My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。
        She appears to have many friends. 他好像有很多朋友。
        The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。
        Circumstances continue to be favorable. 情况仍然是有利的。
        He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。
【注】
若所接不定式为to be，通常可以省略。不过，若其后接的是表语形容词，则to be通常不宜省略。
另外，连系动词look后能否接tobe似乎尚有争论，不过，在现代英语中接to be的现象已较普遍。
（3）sound, smell, feel, taste, become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式：
误：These oranges taste to be good. （应去掉to be）
误：The roses smell to be nice.（应去掉to be）
（4）有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写：
如：It seems that she's right./ She seems to be right. 她似乎是对的。
        It appears that you have made a mistake./You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。

现在分词的概念：

现在分词（PresentParticiple）(又称-ing形式)，是分词的一种，是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语）。一般式：doing；一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not。

现在分词的用法：

1）做表语：
如：He was very amusing.
        That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2）作定语：
上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词：
如：That must have been a terrifying experience.
        I found him a charming person.
现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句：
如：There are a few boys swimming in the river.
        There is a car waiting outside.
3）作状语：
现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：
如：Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
        Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
        Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
现在分词短语还可以表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句：
如：Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
        Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money.
现在分词短语还可以表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句：
如：Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
        Returning home, he began to do his homework.
        Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
        Be careful when crossing the road.
        Having found a hotel, we looked for some where to have dinner.
        Having finished her work, she went home.
4）作宾补：
现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：
例如：see, hear, catch, find, keep, have等。
如：I see him passing my house every day.
        I caught him stealing things in that shop.
        I smelt something burning.
        She kept him working all day.

现在分词其他用法解析：

1、现在分词一般式的用法：
现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生：
如：When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。
         Living in the 示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔：
如：Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现没有在家，他决定留个字条。
         He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家，发现门是锁着的。当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时，现在分词通常位于句末。

2、现在分词完成式的用法：
现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作：
如：Having been there once, she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次，她对那地方很熟悉。
        Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。
注：（1）现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作，但有区别：现在分词所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔，而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔：
如：Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后，他就出去了。
        Having invited him here to speak, we'd better go to his lecture. 既然我们请了他来作报告，我们最好去听一下。
有时即使是分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生，但如果要强调分词动作的完成性，也应用现在分词的完成式：
如：Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。
（2）现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语：
误：Do you know anyone having lost a cat? 你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗？
误：I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗户的人谈谈。
若将以上现分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以（因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作，而不能先于谓语动作而发生）：
误：I want to talk to the person breaking the window.

3、现在分词被动式的用法：
当要表示一个被动动作时，现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式：
（1）现在分词一般式的被动式：主要表示现在正在进行的动作，也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作：
如：Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
         I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
注：有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前（此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因，且多为状态动词）：
如：Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车，她感到行动很困难。
（2）现在分词完成式的被动式：主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。
如：The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。
        Having been written inhaste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。
比较：Being so ill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重，她不能去上学。
            Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间，他需要一段恢复的时间。

一般过去时被动语态的概念：

表示过去经常性、习惯性被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作。主语(动作承受者)+was/were+过去分词(+by+施动者)构成。

一般过去时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别： 　　

现在完成时与一般过去时被动语态均指某一被动性动作发生在过去，但现在完成时被动语态强调发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成影响，或发生在过去的被动性动作一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去。一般过去时被动语态表示过去经常性、习惯性被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作。　　
例如：This machine has been repaired. 这台机器已被修好。　　
析：这台机器在过去某一时刻被修，并对现在造成影响，说明这台机器现在已无毛病，可以投入使用。　　
例如：This building has been built for a month. 这幢楼房已被建一个月。　　
析：这幢楼房一个月之前开始被建，一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去。　　
例如：This bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建的。　　
析：该句仅强调这座桥是去年被建造的。　　
例如：Volleyball was often played in this playground. 这个操场上过去经常有人打排球。　　
析：该句强调在这个操场打排球是过去经常性、习惯性动作。

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