本试题 “---Do you have any idea what Hawk does all day?--- I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he _______.A.does writingB.writesC.is w...” 主要考查您对一般疑问句
感叹句
全部倒装
省略句
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
一般疑问句的概念:
就全句提出问题,希望对方给予肯定或否定答复的问句,叫做一般疑问句。回答时要用Yes或No来开头,句末用问号,朗读时用升调。其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分?
一般疑问句用法要点:
一、一般疑问句的基本结构:
1、如果谓语中有情态动词、助动词或be,将这些词移到主语之前。
如:Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗?
Will he go there tomorrow? 他明天去那里?
Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
2、如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或be,就在主语前加助动词do(does、did),原来的动词都用原形。
如:Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?
Does your brother like English? 你的兄弟喜欢英语吗?
Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得好吗?
注:have做助动词时,将其移至主语前;作“有”解时也可以将其移至主语前;不是作“有”解的为行为动词时,其疑问式和其他行为动词一样要在主语前加do(does、did)。
如:Has he gone to England? 他到英国去了?
Have you(=Do you have)a car? 你有汽车吗?
Do you have lunch at school? 你是在学校吃中饭的吗?
二、一般疑问句的简略回答:
如:—Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?
—Yes, I can.(No, I can't)会。(不会)
—Have you finished your work? 你工作做完了吗?
—Yes, I have.(No, I haven't.)做完了。(还没有。)
—Is this your pen? 这是你的钢笔吗??
—Yes, it is. (No, it isn't)是的。(不是。)
三、一般疑问句的否定形式:
当说话人或是期待肯定的回答或是不期待对方的回答时用否定式。其结构,在口语里,总是把not与情态动词、助动词或be缩略成一个词;有时也将not放在主语后。
如:Can't you see the kite? 难道你看不到那个风筝?
Don't you like playing football? 难道你不喜欢踢足球?
Aren't you(=Are you not)aYoung Pioneer?难道你不是少先队员?
四、注意否定疑问句的回答:
英语的yes和no是对答语的肯定或否定,而不是对问句的肯定或否定,所以只要答语是肯定的,就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语是否定的,就用“No+否定结构”。这与汉语的习惯不同。
如:—Won't he go to the hospital? 难道他不去医院了?
—Yes, he will. (No, he won't.)不,他去。(是的,他不去。)
—Can't you speak English? 你难道不会讲英语吗?
—Yes, I can. (No, I can't.)不,我会。(是的,我不会)
五、陈述句语序的一般问句:
这种疑问句指望对方作出肯定的答复,其疑问意思由句末的升调来表达。
如:You want to see him? 你想见他?
I think they have asked for better pay again? 我想他们又要求加工资了吧?
不用yes或者no回答的一般疑问句:
用yes或no回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。但一般疑问句并不一定都用yes或no来回答,请看下面几种情况。
一、对别人的问话表示同意时,用yes回答固然可以,但如果更直截了当地回答时,可以不用yes。
1:Jim:Do you want a go?
Ling:OK, thanks.
2:Teacher:Could you take it to the classroom?
Liu Ming:Certainly.
3:Meimei:May I come then?
Ann:Sure!Work must come first!
注:ctrtainly多用于英国英语,而sure多用于美国英语。
如:Ann:May I go with you?
WeiHua:Why not?His home isn't far from here. Let's go.
二、对于别人提问的情况似乎知道,但回答时又没有多大把握时,可以用提问的方式、商量的口气或其他方式回答对方。
1、Meimei:Where's Wuhan?Do you know?
Lily:Er, is it in Hebei?
2、A:Is it in the box?
B:Let me have a look. Oh, here it is.
3、WeiHua:Is it ready now?
UncleWant:Come and look.
三、有些问题的答语不宜模棱两可,需要准确具体,否则,可能会引起别人的误解。
如:Wang:Can you speak Chinese?
Jim:Only a little.
注:若用yes回答,别人会认为你的汉语不错。
四、为了使回答显得委婉、客气、往往不采用yes来十分肯定自己的看法,也不用no来断然否定别人的意见,说话往往留有余地而礼貌谦恭。
1、A:Can you mend it?
B:I think so. Let me see.
2、A:Do you have a big piece, please?
B:Sorry, I don't.
3、Kate:Isthekitebroken?
Jim:I don't think so.
五、乐意或拒绝接受对方的邀请或要求时,不用yes或no,当拒绝或有不同的看法时,要婉言谢绝或提出自己的看法。
1、Ann:Would you like to come to supper?
Meimei:Oh, thank you!I would love to!But I must ask my parents first.
2、Jim:Shall we go to the park?
LinTao:Good idea!When shall we meet?
3、LiLei:Could I speak to Jim, please?
Kate:I'm afraid he's out at the moment.
4、LiLei:Oh!Is that a ball?Aren't all balls round?
Sam:Not in the USA.
5、A:Shall we meet at half past two?
B:All right.
六、在回答有些问题时,若回答者不愿或不便表明自己的态度,也往往不用yes或no作正面的回答。
1、A:Do you like doing housework?
B:I don't know.
2、A:Where're Lucy's pencils?Are they on her desk?
B:I can't see.
感叹句的概念:
感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等情感的句子。感叹句一般用how或what开头。How作状语,修饰修饰形容词、副词、或句子。what作定语,修饰名词(名词前可有形容词或冠词)。感叹句要用降调,句末用感叹号。
感叹句的几种常用形式:
一、How+形容词〔或副词〕+S+V…!
如:How boring this is! 这实在太无趣了!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真美妙!
How well she remembered the first time she had seen him! 她把初见他的那幕情景记得好清楚呀!
注:有时会将形容词或副词省略。
如:How you've changed! 你的变化真大!
二、What a[an]+形容词+名词+S+V…!
如:What a bad cough he has! 他咳得好历害!
What a voyage they had! 他们这段航行经验真是太完美〔可怕〕了!
注:这类句子若无形容词,则须就上下文来判断形容词为何。
如:What a man he is! 那家伙算什么!
What a business it is moving house! 搬家这件事真够受的!
另外,若名词为不可数或复数的话,就不能用不定冠词。
如:What bad weather we're having! 多讨厌的天气!
What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together. 我们大家一起去度假那可太有意思了。
What lovely flowers they are! 好美的花朵啊!
三、How+形容词+a[an]+名词+S+V…!
如:How kind a man he is! 他这个人真好!
注:感叹句的省略用法 How lucky (I am)! 我是多么地幸运啊!
如:What a strange man(he is)! 好奇怪的人啊!
What a pity (it is) that you can't come with us! 你不能和我们一起来,真是可惜啊!
How careless(it is) of him to make such a mistake! 他是不小心,才会犯下这种错误!
感叹句知识体系:
特殊的感叹句表达形式:
1、以副词here, there, in开头的感叹句。
如:Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!
There they are! 他们在那儿呢!
2、以疑问词who开头,表示惊奇。
如:Who else will read such a book! 谁还会读这样的书!
3、以情态动词may开头,表示愿望。
如:May you both be happy! 祝二位幸福。
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
4、否定疑问句用作感叹句时,它的意义是肯定的;但肯定疑问句用作感叹句在美国英语中比较常见。
如:Aren't they sweet! 他们多可爱啊!
Am I hungry! 我饿极了!
5、一些短语用作感叹句。
如:Dear me! 哎呀!
My goodness! 嗳呀!
None of your nonsense! 不要胡说了!
6、一些作表语的成分用作感叹句。
如:Just my luck! 又倒霉了!
Sorry, my mistake! 对不起,是我的错!
7、以从句表示的感叹句。
如:As if were my fault! 好像是我的错似的!
To think as candal of this sort should be going on under my roof! 真想不到这种丑事竟然出在我们家里!
全部倒装的概念:
倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前,这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要,需要将谓语动词放在主语之前,这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语和谓语完全倒置叫完全倒装。
完全倒装完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”,主要见于以下情况:
1、here和there位于句首时的倒装:
表示地点的here和there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:
如:Here's Tom. 汤姆在这里。
There's Jim. 吉姆在那儿。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。
注:(1)以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,即不能说:Here is coming the bus.
(2)若主语为代词,则不倒装:
如:Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。
Here it comes.它来了。
(3)其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在):
如:There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。
2、away和down等位于句首时的倒装:
地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词:
如:Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。
The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。
注:若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:
如:Away he went. 他跑远了。
Down it came. 它掉了下来。
3、某些状语或表语位于句首时的倒装:
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装:
如:Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。
注:在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
比较:In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。
In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。
4、现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首的倒装:
有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装:
如:Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
省略句的概念:
在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。
简单句中的省略:
1、省略主语:
1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。
如:(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法。
如:(I)Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
(It)Doesn't matter. 没关系。
2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分:
如:(There is)No smoking. 禁止抽烟
(Is there)anything else? 还有其他事吗?
(You come)This way please. 请这边走。
(Will you)Have a smoke? 抽烟吗?
3、省略宾语:
如:—Do you know Mr. Li? 你认识李先生吗?
—I don't know (him.) 我不认识他
4、省略表语:
如:—Are you thirsty? 你30岁了吗?
—Yes, I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。
5、同时省略几个成分:
如:—Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗?
—(I am feeling) Much better (now) 好多了。
(I wish)Good luck(to you). 祝你好运/祝你顺利。
省略句在复合句中的应用:
一、并列复合句中的省略:
并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。
如:The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman.
这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry. 你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary(must have been) doing her homework.
汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。
Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao(was born) in 1963. 高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。
二、主从复合句中的省略:
1、状语从句中的省略:一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:
1)由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;
2)由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;
3)由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;
4)由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;
5)由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:
连词(as,as if, once)+名词;
连词(though, whether, when)+形容词;
连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语;
连词(when, while, though)+现在分词;
连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词;
连词(as if,as though)+不定式。
如:Once(he was) a worker, Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.
庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。
Work hard when(you are) young, or you'll regret. 趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。
He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something. 他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
注意:
①当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略。
如:Her father told her to be careful when(she was) crossing the street. 当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
②当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词的结构。
如:Unless(it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。
2、定语从句中的省略:
1)一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;
如:Is this reason(that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which, whom不可以省略。
比较:Tom(whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省) 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。
2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when, where,和why经常用that来代替,甚至还可省略。
如:This is the first time(when/that) he had trouble with the boss.
这是他第一次麻烦老板。
He wants to find a good place(where/that) we can have a picnic during the"golden week"holiday.
他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
Could you tell us the reason(why/that) he was so unhappy?
你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗?
3)当先行词为表示方式的the way时,从句不能用how来引导,应该用that或in which,或将它们全部省略。
如:I don't like the way(that/in which) you laugh at her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。
3、宾语从句中的省略:
1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。
如:I think(that) the reform of the renminbi's exchangerate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。
He said(that) the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order.
他说《反分裂国家法》已被通过,而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。
2)由which, when, where, how, 和why引导的宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。
如:I know that NBA star YaoMing will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).
我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。
He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad)
他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。
4、在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”,should可以省略:
如:Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year(should) last long in various forms.
法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。
5、主句省略多用于句首:
如:(It is a) Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.
很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。
6、在答语中,主句可全部省略。
如:—Why were you absent from school last Friday?
—(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.
—上周五你为什么没有上学?
—因为我妈妈病了。
动词不定式省略:
1、保留to的场合:
(1)不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:
love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。
如:—You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
—你本该在离开前谢谢她。
—我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。
You can do it this way if you like to. 如果你想做,你可以这么做。
(2)不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:
ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn 等。
如:The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。
She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to(come). 她想来,可是她父母不让。
(3)不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:
happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。
如:—I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat).
—我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?
—没关系,我很愿意。
(4)不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等。
如:He doesn't like fish but he used to. 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。
2、省略to的场合:
(1)主语部分有to do,系动词is或was时,作表语的不定式通常省去to。
如:The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。
(2)作介词but, expect, besides的宾语,前面又有实意动词do时,不定式通常省去to。
如:He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-"independence"timetable.
他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外,什么也没有做。
(3)主语部分暗含todo,表语中的不定式通常省去to。
如:All I want(to do) is go to school and study hard. 我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。
(4)当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。
如:It is easier to say than to do. 说起来容易,做起来难。
(5)在would rather...than...等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略。
如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。
(6)在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why(not)do结构中,不定式不带to。
如:I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间。
Why not join us? 为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?
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