本试题 “- Did you attend Tom’s birthday party at the Grand Hotel?- I wish I _______. I _______ an English lecture in the school hall. [ ]A. have; gaveB. di...” 主要考查您对过去进行时
虚拟语气
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
过去进行时的概念：
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last night, last Saturday等；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
过去进行时的基本用法：
1、主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作：
如：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。
He was playing while I was studying. 我在做功课时他在玩。
2、过去进行时表示现在：
用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。
How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生，您打算花多少钱？
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。
3、过去进行时表示感情色彩：
与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如：They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
The boy was continually asking questions. 这个男孩子老是问东问西的。
4、动词be的过去进行时：
动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
如：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)
He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：
（1）过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
如：He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
（2）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice）可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。
如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
（3）一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；
而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情的色彩。
如： He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。
He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。
（4）有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；
而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
如：I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。
注：下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：
1、表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。
如：Tom was getting up at six o'clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。
2、与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。
如：John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。
LeiFeng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。
3、用来描写故事发生的情景时。
如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.
那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。
4、when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。
如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。
5、go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。
如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。
She was coming later. 她随后就来。
虚拟语气的概念：
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在条件句中的应用：
一、真实条件句：
真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。
时态关系句型：条件从句：一般现在时；主句：shall/will+动词原形
如：If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题：
The volleyball match will be put off if it___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案：B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will。
如： （错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
二、非真实条件句：
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：从句：一般过去时；主句：should(would)+动词原形
如：If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句：过去完成时；主句：should(would)have+过去分词
如：If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
c.表示对将来的假想句型：
条件从句：一般过去时；主句：should+动词原形
从句： were+不定式；主句：would+动词原形 should+动词原形
如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
三、混合条件句：
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
比较if only与only if：
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
It is(high) time that It is(high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
如：It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
need“不必做”和“本不该做"”
didn't need to do表示：过去不必做某事，事实上也没做。
needn'thavedone表示：过去不必做某事，但事实上做了。
如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题：
There was plenty o ftime. She___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
答案：D。needn't havedone. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done,“不可能已经”。must not do不可以（用于一般现在时）
特殊的虚拟语气词should 的用法：
1）It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。
句型：
如：It is suggested that we(should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he(should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist+(should)do
如：I suggest that we(should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he(should) be sent there.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
如：The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错：（错）You pale face suggests that you(should) be ill.
（对）Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
（错）I insisted that you(should) be wrong.
（对）I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
如：My idea is that we(should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we(should) hold a meeting next week.
虚拟语气知识体系：
| 条件从句中的谓语动词形式 | 主句中的谓语动词形式 | |
| 与过去事实相反 | had+过去分词 | should/would+have+过去分词 |
| 与现在事实相反 | 过去式 | should/would+动词原形 |
| 与将来事实相反 | 1、过去式 | should/would+动词原形 |
| 2、should+动词原形 | should/would+动词原形 | |
| 3、were to+动词原形 | should/would+动词原形 |
虚拟条件句的倒装：
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。
如：Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
如：If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题：_____to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
答案：C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前，变成were, should, had+主语的形式。
但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.，而不能说Weren't I to do。
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