本试题 “_____ several times, he still could not make sense of it.[ ]A. Having been toldB. ToldC. I le was toldD. Being told” 主要考查您对现在分词的被动式
现在分词的完成式
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
现在分词的被动式概念:
现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。
两种现在分词的被动式:
现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。根据现在分词动作发生的时间,现在分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如:The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。
注意:在need, want, require, beworth等动词(短语)后,作宾语的现在分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
如:Your shoes need cleaning.=Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。
现在分词被动式的用法:
当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式:
(1)现在分词一般式的被动式。
主要表示现在正在进行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作:
如:Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
【注】有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词):
如:Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车,她感到行动很困难。
(2)现在分词完成式的被动式。
主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作:
如:The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。
Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。
比较:Being soill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重,她不能去上学。
Having been ill for a long time he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。
现在分词完成式的概念:
从动作关系上看,现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作;从用法上看,现在分词完成式主要用作状语,表示时间或原因等。
现在分词完成式的基本用法:
1、表示时间:
如:Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。
Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅馆之后,我们就去找吃饭的地方。
Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。
Having packed up her things, she went to book her ticket. 她收拾好行李之后就去买车票。
注:这样用的现在分词通常可以转换成时间状语从句。
如:Having finished her work, she went home. =After she had finished her work, she went home. 她干完工作就回家了。
2、表示原因:
如:Having been there once, she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次,她对那地方很熟悉。
Having invited him here to speak, we'd better go to his lecture. 我们邀请他来这儿讲演,所以我们最好去听讲。
注:这样用的现在分词通常可以转换成原因状语从句。
如:Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. =As he had been there many times, he offered to be our guide. 他曾多次到过那里,主动提出当我们的向导。
现在分词的完成式用作状语时,通常位于主句之前,但有时也可置于主句之后,不过此时多见于表原因的场合。
如:I didn't feel terribly shocked, having expected all this. 这情况我早已料到,因此我并不感到过于震惊。
I was unable to accept your invitation. having promised to accompany my mother to the concert. 我因已答应陪我母亲赴音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。
现在分词完成式的否定式:
原则上应将not置于整个分词完成式之前。
如:Not having done it right, I tried again. 我由于没有做对,所以又试了试。
Not having finished his work, he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。
Not having received an answer, she decided to write him another letter. 由于没得到他的回信,她决定再给他写一封信。
现在分词完成式用于独立结构:
有时现在分词完成式可以用于独立结构。
如:The dark clouds having dispersed, the sun shone again. 乌云已散去,太阳又普照大地了。
The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 夜里河水上涨,渡河不可能了。
My turn having comeround, I was ushered into the examining room. 轮到我之后,我就被引入考场。
The last bus havingg one, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。
使用现在分词完成式的错点:
现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语,遇此情况可改用定语从句。
如:你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗?
误:Do you know anyone having lost a cat?
正:Do you know anyone who has lost a cat?
我想同打破窗户的人淡淡。
误:I want to talk to the person having broken the window
正:I want to talk to the person who has broken the window
注意:若将以上现在分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以,因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作,而不能先于谓语动作而发生。
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