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高中二年级英语

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  • 单选题
    We all know that,__________ ,the situation will get worse.
    [     ]

    A. not if dealt carefully with
    B. if not carefully dealt with
    C. if dealt not carefully with
    D. not if carefully dealt with
    本题信息:2012年同步题英语单选题难度一般 来源:张连飘(高中英语)
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本试题 “We all know that,__________ ,the situation will get worse.[ ]A. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully ...” 主要考查您对

过去分词

省略句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 过去分词
  • 省略句

过去分词的概念:

过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作,只有一种形式。即:动词原形加-ed构成。
如:fallen leaves 落叶 
        boiled water 开水
        I heard the door closed. 我听见门被关上了。


过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别:

两者均可表示被动,其区别主要在于它们所表示的时间概念不同,但有时它们也可表示相同的意思。
如:Written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。 
        Being written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。 
        Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。
有时虽然所表示的时间概念相同,但有细微区别:
如:Having been show the lab, we left. 被领着看了实验室后,我们就离开了。


过去分词的句法功能:

1、作定语:
如:I don't like the book written by Martin.
       Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 
注意:当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2、过去分词作表语:
如:They were very excited at the news. 听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
        The window is broken. 窗户破了。
        They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be+过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。
区别:The window is broken.(系表)
            The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。
如:boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶) newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳) the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3、过去分词作宾语补足语:
如:I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
如:With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4、过去分词作状语:
如:Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.  受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
        Onceseen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
        Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件) 
        Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.  虽然被告之危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步) 
        Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。
5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
如:All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了,图书管理员很高兴。
        The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了,他开始撒种子。


现在分词与过去分词的区别:

1、分词作表语:
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is in terestedi n...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting。这类词常见的有:
interesting 使人感到高兴—interested感到高兴的 
exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的—delighted感到高兴的 
disappointing令人失望的—disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的—puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的—satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的—surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的—worried感到担心的
如:Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
        The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。 
        The game is exciting. (现在分词作表语)
        We were excited at the news. (过去分词作表语)

2、分词作定语:
分词作定语时有下面几个特点:
1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
如:He rushed into the burning house. 他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
        The child standing over there is my brother. 站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
        The room facing south is our classroom. 朝南的房间是我们的教室。
        He is an advanced teacher. 他是个先进教师。
3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired,  returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come

3、分词作状语:
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
如:He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
        Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
        Smiling, they came in.
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
如:Cleaned, the room looks nice.
        Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.  如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
        Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。


省略句的概念:

在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。


简单句中的省略

1、省略主语:
1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。
如:(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法。
如:(I)Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 
        (It)Doesn't matter. 没关系。
2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分:
如:(There is)No smoking. 禁止抽烟
        (Is there)anything else? 还有其他事吗?
        (You come)This way please. 请这边走。
        (Will you)Have a smoke? 抽烟吗?
3、省略宾语:
如:—Do you know Mr. Li? 你认识李先生吗?
        —I don't know (him.) 我不认识他
4、省略表语:
如:—Are you thirsty? 你30岁了吗? 
        —Yes, I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。
5、同时省略几个成分:
如:—Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗?
        —(I am feeling) Much better (now) 好多了。
       (I wish)Good luck(to you). 祝你好运/祝你顺利。


省略句在复合句中的应用:

一、并列复合句中的省略:
并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。
如:The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman. 
        这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
        Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry. 你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
        Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary(must have been) doing her homework.
        汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。
        Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao(was born) in 1963. 高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。

二、主从复合句中的省略:

1、状语从句中的省略:一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:
1)由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;
2)由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;
3)由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;
4)由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;
5)由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。

上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:
连词(as,as if, once)+名词;
连词(though, whether, when)+形容词;
连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语;
连词(when, while, though)+现在分词;
连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词;
连词(as if,as though)+不定式。
如:Once(he was) a worker, Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.
        庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。 
        Work hard when(you are) young, or you'll regret. 趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。 
        He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something. 他到处看似乎在找什么东西。 
注意
①当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略。
如:Her father told her to be careful when(she was) crossing the street. 当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
②当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词的结构。
如:Unless(it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。

2、定语从句中的省略:
1)一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;
如:Is this reason(that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which, whom不可以省略。
比较:Tom(whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省)   你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
            Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。
2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when, where,和why经常用that来代替,甚至还可省略。
如:This is the first time(when/that) he had trouble with the boss.
这是他第一次麻烦老板。
        He wants to find a good place(where/that) we can have a picnic during the"golden week"holiday.
他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
        Could you tell us the reason(why/that) he was so unhappy?
你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗?
3)当先行词为表示方式的the way时,从句不能用how来引导,应该用that或in which,或将它们全部省略。
如:I don't like the way(that/in which) you laugh at her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。

3、宾语从句中的省略:
1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。
如:I think(that) the reform of the renminbi's exchangerate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。
       He said(that) the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order.
他说《反分裂国家法》已被通过,而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。
2)由which, when, where, how, 和why引导的宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。
如:I know that NBA star YaoMing will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).
我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。
       He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad)
他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。

4、在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”,should可以省略:
如:Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year(should) last long in various forms.
法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。

5、主句省略多用于句首:
如:(It is a) Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.
很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。

6、在答语中,主句可全部省略。
如:—Why were you absent from school last Friday?
        —(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.
        —上周五你为什么没有上学?
        —因为我妈妈病了。


动词不定式省略:

1、保留to的场合:
(1)不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:
love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。
如:—You should have thanked her before you left.
        —I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.   
        —你本该在离开前谢谢她。
        —我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。
       You can do it this way if you like to. 如果你想做,你可以这么做。
(2)不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:
ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn 等。
如:The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。
        She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to(come). 她想来,可是她父母不让。
(3)不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:
happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。
如:—I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat? 
        —Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat). 
        —我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?
        —没关系,我很愿意。
(4)不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等。
如:He doesn't like fish but he used to. 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。

2、省略to的场合:

(1)主语部分有to do,系动词is或was时,作表语的不定式通常省去to。
          如:The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。
(2)作介词but, expect, besides的宾语,前面又有实意动词do时,不定式通常省去to。
          如:He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-"independence"timetable.
                  他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外,什么也没有做。
(3)主语部分暗含todo,表语中的不定式通常省去to。
          如:All I want(to do) is go to school and study hard. 我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。
(4)当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。
          如:It is easier to say than to do. 说起来容易,做起来难。
(5)在would rather...than...等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略。
          如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。
(6)在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why(not)do结构中,不定式不带to。
          如:I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间。 
                 Why not join us? 为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?