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高中一年级英语

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  • 填空题
    用所给短语的适当形式填空。
    take over, consist of, differ from, get…across, accuse…of, fall for,
    play a leading role in, make way for, pass…on, put forward
    1. A medical team ______two doctors and three nurses are setting out for Africa.
    2. _____the book ______to me when you have finished with it.
    3. The neighbours may _____you ______ playing your radio too loudly at night.
    4. The plan ______ for discussion at the next meeting.
    5. One of the old building is being pulled down to ______a new park.
    6. After he graduated from college, he _____ his father's business.
    7. I spoke that slowly but I did not ______my meaning _____.
    8. I am surprised that you ______ that trick.
    9. He ______the last film. We are all impressed by his wonderful performance.
    10. Old English _______the English we speak now.
    本题信息:2009年0110期末题英语填空题难度较难 来源:姜雪
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “用所给短语的适当形式填空。take over, consist of, differ from, get…across, accuse…of, fall for,play a leading role in, make way for, pass…on, put fo...” 主要考查您对

单词、词组

现在分词

一般过去时

一般现在时的被动语态

祈使句

主谓一致

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 单词、词组
  • 现在分词
  • 一般过去时
  • 一般现在时的被动语态
  • 祈使句
  • 主谓一致

单词和短语

由两个以上的词组成的,没有完整的句子结构,但又有一定的语法和逻辑关系的词的组合就是短语或词组。短语又包括固定短语,和自由短语。
比如说,put off (推迟),look up(查阅,查字典)have a heavy heart(心情沉重)…我们都习惯称为短语或词组(phrase)。put off是由一个动词和介词组成的,但他在句子中充当一个动词的作用,也就是说在这个词组中,put 是词头(head of the phrase) 所以它是动词词组,或动词短语。


题型特点:

对于英语学习来说,词汇是基础,掌握并灵活运用英语单词对学好英语至关重要,它会直接影响到我们的听、说、读、写能力。从高考单词拼写试题来看,单词拼写把单词放在句中考查,不仅是单词拼写,而且还要考查单词的形式,即将单词的写与用结合起来。这一点主要是要求学生对词汇的应用要有所掌握,体现了学以致用,从而根据语境选用适当的词。因此,答题时必须认真阅读全句,弄懂句意,在理解的基础上考虑选用适当的词汇。所考词汇多为多音节词,多数单词均有不同的变化形式,一般不少于4个字母。

题型种类:

1、句子中被考查的单词突出,画横线,横线标有该单词的首字母,要求学生写出该单词的正确形式。
2、句子中被考查的单词突出,画横线,横线后的括号内注有汉语,要求学生写出该单词的正确形式。


例题解析:

(一)读懂句意,确定单词。
例如:The f____day of the week is Sunday. 该句意为“一周的第一天是星期天”,需要填的词的首字母是“f”,根据常识和序数词有关知识应填“第一”,故填 first。此类题还可考月份。
例如::September is the n ____ month of the year (答案:ninth)

(二)瞻前顾后,确定形式写出单词后,还要注意分析该单词是否需要变化形式。现分类说明如下:
1、名词一般考虑单、复数和所有格。
例1:Do you like white?We have shirts of different c____. 根据句意,可确定单词为“color”,通过前面的shirts和different两词可确定此处应用colors。
例2:September10 this T____Day. 根据句意,确定单词“Teacher”,它与Day之间存在所有格关系,将Teacher变为复数,再变为所有格,应填Teachers'。
2、形容调和副词这两类词学生极易混淆,做题时应仔细分析,慎重选择究竟用哪类词,有时还要考虑到形容词和副词“级”的变化。
例1:He was very a____with the man upstairs and began to shout, "Stop singing!" 根据句意,此处应填形容词原级angry。
例2:On Sundays, Children play h____in the park. 此处应填副词happily,副词修饰动词。
3、动词动词变化形式较为复杂,一般有五种:动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词,过去式和过去分词。可综合考查学生运用英语知识的能力。
例1:Thank you very much for l____me your bike. 介词后动词用-ing形式,故填lending。
例2:When he was ten, he became i____in maths. become interested in 为固定词组,意为“对……感兴趣”,故此处应填interested。
4、数词注意确定用基数词还是序数词。
例1:There are t____months in a year. 此处应用基数词twelve。
例2:December is the t____month of the year. 此处应填序数词twelfth。
5、代词主要从人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词几方面考虑,有时还要考虑用单数还是用复数。
例1:Help y____to some fish, Jim. 根据句意,此处应用yourself.
例2:"Help y____to some fish, please." Mrs Green said to the twins. 根据句意,thetwins为复数,故填yourselves。
6、连词若前后两个词或句子存在转折、因果、并列、选择等关系,一般应填连词。
例1:She didn't go to school yesterday b____she was il1. 从句和主句互为因果关系,故填because。
例2:The football match still went on t____it was raining heavily. 该从句为让步状语从句,故应填though。


解题技巧:

以下是解单词拼写的基本程序:首先要仔细审题,明确大意。在句子缺词的情况下,尽量弄懂句子大意并根据已给出的语境,判断出所缺的单词,试将该单词放入句子当中,看是否能使句子完整,句意明确。注意词性,写出词形。在解题过程中,要特别注意根据句子中所缺成分,判断所缺单词的词类。
1、名词,就要注意单复数;
2、动词,就要注意主谓一致、时态和语态的一致性;
3、形容词和副词,就要注意形容词和副词之间的转化规则;
4、词组和短语,就要注意固定搭配。
重读句子,验证答案。完成拼写后,要把句子重读一遍,检查句子是否通顺,单词拼写是否准确无误,单词形式是否正确,如名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语形式,形容词、副词的级等。这一步很重要,因为差之毫厘,谬以千里。总而言之,高考单词拼写题既考查学生的词汇量,又考查学生在特定的语境中灵活运用词汇的综合应变能力。要想提高得分率,绝非一日之功。正如谚语所说:“Rome was not built in one day”。所以,考生应该以命题特点为指导,在平时的复习中运用构词法知识多读、多记、多练,并增强语感,辅以行之有效的解题方法,才能熟练掌握,灵活运用,避免出错。


题型拓展:

1、单纯的翻译题,考查考生对单词的记忆。
例句:The little girl is wearing a____ (粉红色的)dress. (正确答案:pink)
2、根据语境要求,填入所写单词的适当形式。
例句:The story was first written in English and later____ (翻译) into Chinese.(正确答案:translated)
3、从词在拼写上有可能存在的“盲点”(相对难写、难记)考虑命题。
例句:The book gives a short ____(描述) of the city.(正确答案:description)
4、在有可能出现多个近似答案的情况下,对词的用法进行甄别。
例句:Very few people ____(成功) in losing weight these days.(正确答案:succeed)
5、从词在用法上有可能存在的“盲点”(相对少见的用法,在一般规律中考查特殊)考虑命题。
例句:All the boys were standing up ____(笔直). (正确答案:straight)
6、侧重选择多音节词汇(构成各单词的字母数一般都超过了7个)命题,考查考生对多音节词汇的把握程度。
例句:One of ____ (邻居) kept a very beautiful garden. (正确答案:neighbours或neighbors)
7、侧重选择词义较为生僻或使用率偏低的词汇命题,考查考生对单词拼写记忆的广泛程度。
例句:He turned on the television set hanging from the____ (天花板). (正确答案:ceiling)
8、侧重从词音与词形不相吻合的部分命题(包括不发音字母),考查考生对单词拼写记忆的准确程度。
例句:I usually just have a____ (三明治) for lunch. (正确答案:sandwich)
9、能根据语境的要求,将所给的中文提示(该提示给人以名词或动词的假象)转译成正确的英语表现形式。
例句:I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more____(舒服). (正确答案:comfortably)
10、对近义词不同搭配用法的一般常识,在有可能出现多个答案的情况下,对词的用法进行反复推敲,考生应对最常用词汇的易混易错现象给予注意。
例句:A fence at the back of garden (分开) us from the neighbours.(正确答案:separates或separated)

现在分词的概念:

现在分词(PresentParticiple)(又称-ing形式),是分词的一种,是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语)。一般式:doing;一般被动式:being done;完成式:having done;完成被动式:having been done。所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not。


现在分词的用法:

1)做表语:
如:He was very amusing.
        That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2)作定语:
上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词:
如:That must have been a terrifying experience.
        I found him a charming person.
现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句:
如:There are a few boys swimming in the river.
        There is a car waiting outside.
3)作状语:
现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作:
如:Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. 
        Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
        Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句:
如:Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
        Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money.
现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句:
如:Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
        Returning home, he began to do his homework. 
        Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
        Be careful when crossing the road.
        Having found a hotel, we looked for some where to have dinner.
        Having finished her work, she went home.
4)作宾补:
现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语:
例如:see, hear, catch, find, keep, have等。
如:I see him passing my house every day.
        I caught him stealing things in that shop.
        I smelt something burning.
        She kept him working all day.


现在分词其他用法解析:

1、现在分词一般式的用法:
现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生:
如:When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。
         Living in the 示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔:
如:Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现没有在家,他决定留个字条。 
         He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家,发现门是锁着的。当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时,现在分词通常位于句末。

2、现在分词完成式的用法:
现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作:
如:Having been there once, she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次,她对那地方很熟悉。
        Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已经失败了两次,不想再试了。
注:(1)现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作,但有区别:现在分词所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔,而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔:
如:Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后,他就出去了。
        Having invited him here to speak, we'd better go to his lecture. 既然我们请了他来作报告,我们最好去听一下。
有时即使是分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生,但如果要强调分词动作的完成性,也应用现在分词的完成式:
如:Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。
(2)现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语:
误:Do you know anyone having lost a cat? 你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗?
误:I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗户的人谈谈。
若将以上现分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以(因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作,而不能先于谓语动作而发生):
误:I want to talk to the person breaking the window.

3、现在分词被动式的用法:
当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式:
(1)现在分词一般式的被动式:主要表示现在正在进行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作:
如:Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
         I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
:有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词):
如:Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车,她感到行动很困难。
(2)现在分词完成式的被动式:主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。
如:The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。
        Having been written inhaste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。
比较:Being so ill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重,她不能去上学。
            Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。


一般过去时的概念

一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。


一般过去时的用法:  

1、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用。  
如:My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了这里。  
        I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。  
2、表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:often,usually,always等连用。  
如:He always worked in tonight those days. 那些日子他总是工作到深夜。  
        I often left on business in 1987. 1987年我经常出差。  
:表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用usedto.
如:I used to read newspaper after breakfast. 我过去经常早饭后看报纸。(意指现在已不是这样)   
The children often swam in this river. 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。  
3、表示过去发生的一连串动作。  
如:He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door. 他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门。  
注:过去发生的一连串动作,若用and,or,but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。  
如:They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have  supper. 他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。  
4、在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。  
如:He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information. 他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。         
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。


一般过去时的特别用法

1、句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。  
            It is time that sb.did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"。
例如:It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。  
2、would(had)rather sb.did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。
3、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)  
            Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)  
            Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)      
            Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。
例如:Did you want any thing else? 您还要些什么吗?   
            I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词could, would。
例如:Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?


一般现在时的被动语态的概念:

表示的是一般现在时态和被动语态的叠合。构成:(am/is/are +done)
如:This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。


主动语态变被动语态的方法:

1、把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。  
2、把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词),根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。  
3、把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如:All the people laughed at him.=He was laughed at by all people.   
            They make the bikes in the factory.=The bikes are made by them in the factory.   
记忆歌诀:
宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。  

含有情态动词的被动语态:

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。  
记忆歌诀:
情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留。
例如:We can repair this watch in two days.=This watch can be repaired in two days.   
            You ought to take it away.=It ought to be taken away.   
            They should do it at once.=It should be done at once.

被动语态的用法:
  
1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)   
            This book was published in1981.这 本书出版于1981年。  
2、强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。  
            Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。  
记忆歌诀:
谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。


一般现在时的被动语态:

一、被动语态的结构:
主语(动作接受者)+is/am/are+动词的过去分词+(by+动作执行者)
如:Football is played in most countries in the world.
被动语态的句型总结如下:
1、肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by~~).
如:The boy is called Jack.
2、否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by~~).
如:The baby is not looked after by his father.
3、一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by~~)?
如:Is KingLear written by Shakespeare?
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑词+be+过去分词+(by~~)?
如:What is this kind of sweater made of?

二、被动语态的用法:
1、要表达“被…”、“受…”、“让…”、“遭…”之类的语义。
如:The teachers are well respected. 
        The child is well loved by people.
2、强调动作承受者。
如:He is known far and wide. 他远近闻名。
3、不知道式没有必要指出动作的执行者。
如: The room is cleaned every day. 房子每天都有人打扫。
4、为礼貌起见避免提及动作执行者。
如:I wonder if I was allowed to introduce myself? 我是否可以做自我介绍?


祈使句的概念:

表示请求或命令的句子是祈使句。祈使句一般用降调,为使祈使句听起来比较婉转,可用低声调,祈使句句末用句号或感叹号。祈使句有两种类型:含有第二人称和带有第一、三人称主语的祈使句。每种类型又有肯定形式和否定形式。用don't否定时,只能用其缩略形式。
例如:Welcome to Beijing Park. 
          


祈使句的点拨:

一、祈使句的句式特征:

祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。
例如:Keep off the grass! 勿踩草地!
            Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。

二、祈使句的肯定句式:

祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:
1、行为动词原形+其他成分:
例如:Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2、Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等):
例如:Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3、Let+宾语+动词原,形+其他,成分:
例如:Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。

三、祈使句的否定句式:

祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don't或Never,一般分为以下四种类型:
1、在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don't,构成“Don't+行为动词原形+其他成分”。
例如: Don't say that again! 别再那样说了!
2、在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don't,构成“Don't be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。
例如:Don't be careless. 不要粗心。
注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3、Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:
(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don't,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。
(2)如果以Let's开头的祈使句,必须在Let's后加not。
例如:Don't let me go with her tomorrow.=Let me not go with her tomorrow.  不要让我明天跟她一起去。
            Let's not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。
4、在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。
例如:NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!

四、祈使句的反意问句:

祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式:
1、祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won't you。
例如:Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗?
            Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?
2、祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。
例如:Don't smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?
3、Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let's用shall we外,其他均用will you。
例如:Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走,好吗?
            Let's take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?

五、祈使句的回答:

祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won't。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:
一是“形式一致”,即Yes与will保持一致;No与won't保持一致。二是“意思相反”,即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
例如:—Don't go out, please. It's raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
            —Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。


 祈使句知识体系:


 祈使句的使用

1、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用:
祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;
如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。
例如:Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。
            Hurry up, or we'll be late. 快点,否则我们要迟到了。
2、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用:
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。
例如:Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.  如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。
3、祈使句的强调形式:
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。
例如:Do shut up! 快住口!
4、特殊形式的祈使句:
在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。
实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
例如:More water and the young trees couldn't have died.=If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn't have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。
5、运用祈使句的误区:
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。
例如:_____your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked
B. Check
C. If you check
D. To check
析:如果空白处选填B(Check)项,则视为祈使句,但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接;如选A或D项(分词或不定式),句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作,故均不符合句子结构。因此,只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。


主谓一致的概念:

谓语的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。


主谓一致的基本原则:

1)语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
例如:The students are very young.
            This picture looks beautiful.
2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;
而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。
例如:The people in that country are fighting for independence.
            The crowd deeply respect their leader. 
            Three years in a strange land seems a long time.
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
例如:Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.


几对容易混淆词组的一致用法:

1、由“this/thatkind/typeof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/thosekind/typeof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:This kind of apples is highly priced.
            Those kind(s) of tests are good.
2、由“a number of,a totalo f,an average of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:A number of students are waiting for the bus.
            The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.
3、one of,the(only) one of的一致用法
例如:This is one of the books that have been recommended.
            This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.


 主谓一致用法点拨:

1、并列结构作主语谓语用复数:
如:Reading and writing are very important.
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题:
The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案:B.
注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A、C本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

2、主谓一致中的靠近原则:
1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
            There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)当either…or…与neither…nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
例如:Either you or she is to go. 
            Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致:
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 
            He as well as I wants to go boating.

4、谓语需用单数:

1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。
例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder. 
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可,意思不变。)
例如:Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
            Ten yuan is enough.

5、指代意义决定谓语的单复数:
1)在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
例如:All is right. (一切顺利。)
            All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
例如:family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
例如:His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
            His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
例如:Are there any police around?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of+名词复数+复数动词。 The number of+名词复数+单数动词。
例如:A number of books have lent out.
            The majority of the students like English.

6、与后接名词或代词保持一致:

1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
例如:Most of his money is spent on books.
            Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2)在一些短语,如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than…of作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如:Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
            More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市


主谓一致知识体系:

 


主谓一致用法拓展:

1)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式。
例如:If anybody calls, tell him that I'm out.
            Something strange happened, didn't it? 
2)人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I(me),he(him),she(her),it(it) 都是代替前面的单数名词,而they(them),we(us)则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示。
例如:If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession. 
3)物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致。
例如:The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.
4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。
例如:Many primitive people believed that by eating ananimal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”)。
例如:She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.
6)much和muchof后接不可数名词,而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。
例如:There is not much coal left.
            A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.
7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词。
接可数名词的有:a number of,a rangeof,a series of十复数名词;
接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词;
既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:a lot of,a variety of。
例如:1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.
            2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.
            3.The college library has avariety of books.
            4.An apple is avariety off ruit.