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高中三年级英语

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  • 单选题
    I would rather you did some reading while you are free, but you ______.
    [     ]

    A. don't
    B. didn't
    C. wouldn't
    D. weren't
    本题信息:2011年专项题英语单选题难度一般 来源:姜雪
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “I would rather you did some reading while you are free, but you ______.[ ]A. don'tB. didn'tC. wouldn'tD. weren't” 主要考查您对

一般现在时

省略句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 一般现在时
  • 省略句

一般现在时的概念:

表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。


一般现在时的用法:

1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常用的时间状语有every...,sometimes,at...,on Sunday等。
例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 
            Shang hai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3)表示格言或警句。
例如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。  
           Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。   
            I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。  
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。
第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。


一般现在时知识体系:

 


一般现在时用法拓展

1、一般现在时表将来:
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。   
       —When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开
       —It stars in ten minutes. ?十分钟后。
2)以here, there 等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
例如:Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming. 车来了。   
            There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。
例如:When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。   
            I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。
例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。   
            Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
2、一般现在时代替一般将来时:
When, while, before, fter, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case(that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句,条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。
例如:He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨妈。
3、一般现在时代替一般过去时:
1)"书上说","报纸上说"等。
例如:The news paper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。 
2)叙述往事,使其生动。
例如:Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进,大战开始了
4、一般现在时代替现在完成时:
1)有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时,如hear, tell, learn, write, understand, forget, know, find, say, remember等。
例如:I hear(=haveheard)he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。 
            I forget(=have forgotten)how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。
2)用句型"It is…since…"代替"It has been…since…"。
例如:It is(=has been)five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来,五年过去了。
5、一般现在时代替现在进行时:
在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般现在时代替现在进行时。
例如:There goes the bell.铃响了。

时态一致

 
1、如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实,则用现在时。
例如:At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那时,人们不知道地球是动的。 
            He told me last week that he is eighteen.上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。 
2、宾语从句中的,助动词ought, need, must, dare的时态是不变的。
例如:He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他认为我不必告诉你真相。


省略句的概念:

在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。


简单句中的省略

1、省略主语:
1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。
如:(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法。
如:(I)Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 
        (It)Doesn't matter. 没关系。
2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分:
如:(There is)No smoking. 禁止抽烟
        (Is there)anything else? 还有其他事吗?
        (You come)This way please. 请这边走。
        (Will you)Have a smoke? 抽烟吗?
3、省略宾语:
如:—Do you know Mr. Li? 你认识李先生吗?
        —I don't know (him.) 我不认识他
4、省略表语:
如:—Are you thirsty? 你30岁了吗? 
        —Yes, I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。
5、同时省略几个成分:
如:—Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗?
        —(I am feeling) Much better (now) 好多了。
       (I wish)Good luck(to you). 祝你好运/祝你顺利。


省略句在复合句中的应用:

一、并列复合句中的省略:
并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。
如:The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman. 
        这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
        Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry. 你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
        Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary(must have been) doing her homework.
        汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。
        Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao(was born) in 1963. 高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。

二、主从复合句中的省略:

1、状语从句中的省略:一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:
1)由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;
2)由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;
3)由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;
4)由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;
5)由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。

上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:
连词(as,as if, once)+名词;
连词(though, whether, when)+形容词;
连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语;
连词(when, while, though)+现在分词;
连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词;
连词(as if,as though)+不定式。
如:Once(he was) a worker, Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.
        庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。 
        Work hard when(you are) young, or you'll regret. 趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。 
        He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something. 他到处看似乎在找什么东西。 
注意
①当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略。
如:Her father told her to be careful when(she was) crossing the street. 当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
②当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词的结构。
如:Unless(it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。

2、定语从句中的省略:
1)一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;
如:Is this reason(that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which, whom不可以省略。
比较:Tom(whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省)   你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
            Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。
2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when, where,和why经常用that来代替,甚至还可省略。
如:This is the first time(when/that) he had trouble with the boss.
这是他第一次麻烦老板。
        He wants to find a good place(where/that) we can have a picnic during the"golden week"holiday.
他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
        Could you tell us the reason(why/that) he was so unhappy?
你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗?
3)当先行词为表示方式的the way时,从句不能用how来引导,应该用that或in which,或将它们全部省略。
如:I don't like the way(that/in which) you laugh at her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。

3、宾语从句中的省略:
1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。
如:I think(that) the reform of the renminbi's exchangerate is necessary. 我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。
       He said(that) the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order.
他说《反分裂国家法》已被通过,而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。
2)由which, when, where, how, 和why引导的宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。
如:I know that NBA star YaoMing will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).
我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。
       He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad)
他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。

4、在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”,should可以省略:
如:Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year(should) last long in various forms.
法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。

5、主句省略多用于句首:
如:(It is a) Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.
很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。

6、在答语中,主句可全部省略。
如:—Why were you absent from school last Friday?
        —(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.
        —上周五你为什么没有上学?
        —因为我妈妈病了。


动词不定式省略:

1、保留to的场合:
(1)不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:
love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。
如:—You should have thanked her before you left.
        —I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.   
        —你本该在离开前谢谢她。
        —我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。
       You can do it this way if you like to. 如果你想做,你可以这么做。
(2)不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:
ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn 等。
如:The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。
        She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to(come). 她想来,可是她父母不让。
(3)不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:
happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。
如:—I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat? 
        —Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat). 
        —我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?
        —没关系,我很愿意。
(4)不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等。
如:He doesn't like fish but he used to. 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。

2、省略to的场合:

(1)主语部分有to do,系动词is或was时,作表语的不定式通常省去to。
          如:The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。
(2)作介词but, expect, besides的宾语,前面又有实意动词do时,不定式通常省去to。
          如:He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-"independence"timetable.
                  他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外,什么也没有做。
(3)主语部分暗含todo,表语中的不定式通常省去to。
          如:All I want(to do) is go to school and study hard. 我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。
(4)当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。
          如:It is easier to say than to do. 说起来容易,做起来难。
(5)在would rather...than...等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略。
          如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。
(6)在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why(not)do结构中,不定式不带to。
          如:I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间。 
                 Why not join us? 为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?