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Each year a million cows in Africa die from east coast fever.The disease is spread by
tick bites.Young cows are most at risk；they can die within days.Farmers and herders
can lose up to half or more of their calves to east coast fever.
The disease is widespread in eleven countries.And experts say it now threatens ten
million more animals in new areas including southern Sudan.
Researchers first developed an experimental vaccine against east coast fever thirty
years ago.The vaccine works by a process called "infection and treatment"．The animals
are infected with whole parasites and treated with antibiotics at the same time.This keeps
the disease from developing.
Controlling east coast fever has meant a better life in areas that have gotten the vaccine.
For example,the vaccine has been available for a group of Maasai herders in northern
Tanzania for about seven years.They used to lose threefourths of their newborn calves
each year.Now,most survive.As a result,many people have extra cattle to sell,and use the
money to pay for school for their children.
But making the vaccine more widely available-especially in rural areas-has been difficult.
Farmers have been using supplies produced in the nineteen nineties.Recently there was a
shortage.The International Livestock Research Institute made one million doses at the request
of African officials.But that supply is only temporary.Another problem is that the vaccine
must be kept extremely cold.
Now,the nonprofit Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines is trying to
expand production and lower the cost.GALVmed spokesman Hameed Nuru says mobile
phones have helped lower some barriers to distribution.
HAMEED NURU:"Now,with the advent of cellular technology,most of the people we
do reach,such as the Maasai pastoralists,they all have cell phones.And they now call the
delivery agent who can now come and meet them at a particular place and do the vaccination
for them."
The vaccine is not cheap.But Hameed Nuru says the herders get together to sell a bull
and use the money to vaccinate all their animals.They understand that they are getting value
for their money:A cow is worth nearly twice as much if it is vaccinated.
A goal is to have local people develop businesses supplying the vaccine.
HAMEED NURU:"People are now seeing that they can actually make a business from
supplying this vaccine and getting out to the very rural areas where there is a market for this."
The efforts are supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the British
government.
East Coast Fever

Features of eastcoast fever	◆Spread by tick bites ◆__1__young cows easily in a few days ◆Being a __2__to many animals
The measure to prevent the disease from __3__	Developing a__4__
The difficultiesin__5__the vaccine	◆For a__6__of the vaccine ◆Kept at a very low__7__
The__8__to making the vaccine available	◆Trying to expand production and make the vaccine__9__ ◆__10__the vaccine to farmers with the help of mobile phones

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