返回

初中三年级英语

首页
  • 单选题
    _____ years ago, very large animals called dinosaurs _____ in some areas of the world.
    [     ]

    A. Many million; have been living
    B. Million; had lived
    C. Several millions of; are alive
    D. Millions of; lived
    本题信息:2009年山东省模拟题英语单选题难度一般 来源:张雪
  • 本题答案
    查看答案
本试题 “_____ years ago, very large animals called dinosaurs _____ in some areas of the world.[ ]A. Many million; have been livingB. Million; had livedC. S...” 主要考查您对

基数词

一般过去时

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 基数词
  • 一般过去时
基数词:
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。
基数词的读法和写法:
(1).从1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.
(2).从 11——19 eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.
这里除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。
(3).从 20——99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。
表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”
21读作: twenty-one  ;76 读作:seventy-six
(4).百位数个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and.
101 读作:a hundred and one; 320 读作:three hundred and twenty ;648读作: six hundred and forty-eight
(5).千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。
2,648读作: two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064读作: sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four
5,237,166,234读作: five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four
(6).基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。
There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day. 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马俑博物馆。
基数词复数形式:
基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
a. 与of短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;
如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
c. 表示"几十岁"为dozens of ages;
d. 表示"年代",用 in the 数词复数;
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.

基数词表示口诀:
一二三特殊记,八去t九去e,
五和十二变ve,ti代ty,不要忘了e,
若说几十几,只变个位序数词,
最后都加th.

基数词的用法:
基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。
基数词主要表示事物或人物的个数。
The two happily opened the box. 两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)
I need three altogether. 我总共需要三个。(作宾语)
Four students are playing volleyball outside. 四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)
We are sixteen. 我们是16个人。(作表语)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset. 他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)


一般过去时:
表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
基本结构:
主语+动词过去式+其他;
否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;
一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。
一般过去时句法结构:
肯定形式
主语+动词过去式+其他
例句:She often came to help us in those days.
否定形式
①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
例句:I didn't know you like coffee
一般疑问句
①Did+主语+do+其他? ②WasWere+主语+表语?
例句:Did I do that?
用表格整理如下:
肯定式 疑问式 否定式 疑问否定式
Iworked Did I work? I did not work Did I not work?
He(She,It) worked Did he(she,it) work? He(she,it) did not work Did he(she,it) notwork?
We worked Did we work? We did not work Did we not work?
You worked Did you work? You did not work Did you not work?
They worked Did they work? They did not work Did they not work?
记忆口诀:
一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。
动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。
一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!

一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:

构成

举例

一般情况

词尾+ed

动词原形

过去式和过去分词

look
talk

looked
talked

以不发音字母e结尾

词尾+d

like
arrive

liked
arrived

以“辅以字母+y”结尾

变y为i,再加ed

fly
study

flied
studied

以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母

双写词尾+ed

stop
plan

stopped
planned 


结构句型:

1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑问句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night
一般过去时注意事项:
1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性
如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:
He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。

2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:
I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。
I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。
I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。
Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?

3.used to
used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如:
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)
一般过去式用法:
(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。
句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。

(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:
yesterday,last week ,in  the  past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
(句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)
Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)
Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。

(3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:
yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、
once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、
When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
Did you have a party the other day?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。
注:在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。

(4)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。

(5)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
比较:
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。
(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)

(6)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。
(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
比较:
I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。
(只是说明过去这一动作)

(7)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。
I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。
(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
一般过去时三变技巧:
一变:肯定句变为否定句
技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句
技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:
Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句
技巧1.确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
技巧2.辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?