本试题 “小小纠错家,快来改一改。( ) 1.Areyouhelpfulinhome? ________________A B C( ) 2.Whatcanhedoes? ________________A B C( ) 3. Iwouldlikehaveatry. ______...” 主要考查您对复数名词
介词
情态动词
动词不定式
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
情况 |
构成方法 |
例词 |
读音 |
一般情况 |
在词尾加-s |
desk→desks |
-s在清辅音后发/s/ |
day→days |
-s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/ | ||
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 |
在词尾加-es |
bus→buses |
-es发/iz/音 |
以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 |
变y为i再加-es |
family→families |
-ies发/iz/音 |
以元音字母加-y结尾的词 |
在词尾加-s |
day→days |
-s发/z/音 |
以f或fe结尾的词 |
变f或fe为v再加-es |
knife→knives |
-ves发/vz/音 |
以辅音字母加-o结尾的词 |
在词尾加-es |
potato→potatoes |
-es发/z/音 |
以元音字母加-o结尾的词 |
在词尾加-s |
radio→radios |
-s发/z/音 |
介词分类:
一、表示地点位置的介词
(1)at, in, on, to, for
at 表示在小地方;表示“在……附近,旁边”。
in 表示在大地方;表示“在……范围之内”。
on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。
to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……”。
(2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对;
over 指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。
on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。
例:The bird is flying above my head. 小鸟在我的头上飞。
There is a bridge over the river. 在河上有一座桥。
He put his watch on the desk.他把他的表放在了桌子上。
(3)below, under在……下面
under 表示在……正下方
below 表示在……下,不一定在正下方
例:There is a cat under the table. 桌子底下有一只猫。
Please write your name below the line. 请在横线下写上你的名字。
(4)beside,behind beside 表示在……旁边
behind 表示在……后面
二、表示时间的介词
(1)in,on,at在……时
A、in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
如:inthe1950s, in1989, insummer, inJanuary, inthemorning等。
B、on 表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如:on May 1st, on Monday, onNew Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
C、at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
如:at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of, at the age of, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等。
(2)after在……之后 “after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;
“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
三、其它常用介词
(1)about关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
There are about fifteen trees in the picture. 大约有十五棵树在图片里。
(2)across横过,对面,交叉,在……的对面
Can you swim across the river? 你能游过河吗?
We live across the street. 我们住在街的对面。
(3)along沿着,顺着.
They are walking along the river. 他们沿着河行走。
(4)by 被……,在……的近旁,在……之前,不迟于,以……为手段。
The class room was cleaned by the students. 教室由学生们打扫干净了。
Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
(5)for为……,因为……,至于……。
He works for this company. 他为这家公司工作。
She came back to the classroom for she had lef the books in the class room. 她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
(6)from从……,来自……,因为……
Where are you from? 你是哪里人?
He diedf rom an accident. 他死于一场事故。
(7)of……的,属于……
This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。
(8)with使用、和……在一起
We write with a pen. 我们用笔写字。
Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗?
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.
小学常见介词:
1.on
(1) 在------上面 The book is on the desk.
(2) 在------(哪一天/星期)What do you do on Wednesday?
(3) 在------(月、日)My birthday is on August 2nd.
2. in
(1)在------里面 The pens are in the pencil-box.
(2)在------(哪一年/月)His birthday is in October.
He worked here in 1992.
(3 ) 在------(地方) He works in Dongguan.
(4 ) 在------之内 What are you going to do in 20 years?
(5 ) 在------(早上、下午、晚上)
I do morning exercises in the morning every day.
I usually play basketball in the afternoon.
I often do my homework in the evening.
3. under
在------底下 There is a ball under the bed.
4. near
在------附近 There is a book shop near our school.
5. in front of
在------前面 A boy is standing in front of the house.
6. beside
在------旁边 A football is beside the door.
7. next to
紧挨着 There is a bus station next to No. 13 Middle School.
8. over
在------正上方 A bridge is over the river.
9. on the left
在------左边 The bookstore is on the left.
10. on the right
在------右边 The hospital is on the right.
11. before
在……之前 Mike sits before me.
12. after
在------以后 He went home after school.
13. in the middle
在------中间 The road is in the middle.
14. at
(1) 在------(小地方) I am at school today. I was at home yesterday.
(2) 在------(点钟) I usually go to school at 8:00 am.
(3)看一看 Look at the blackboard.
(4) 在中午 at noon
15. behind
在------后面 There is a broom behind the door.
16.for
(1)给 This present is for you.
(2)为了 Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.
(3)作为 We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.
17.to
(1) 到 Take your sport shoes to the P.E class.
(2) 致 Happy birthday to you. Give it to your friend.
18. from
来自 I am from China. = I come from China.
19. from --- to
从------到------ Line up from shorter to taller.
We have class from Monday to Friday.
20. of
------的 He is a student of Kama School.
21. by
(1)在------之前 We must be at home by 6 o’clock.
(2)乘------交通工具 People can go to the moon by spaceship.
I go to school by bus.
22.with
(1) 用 I write a letter with a pen.
(2) 和------一起 He went to Shenzhen with his parents.
23. between
在------与------之间 There is a football match between Class One and Class Three.
24. into
到------里 Sharks can dive into the deep cold water.
25. like
(1)象------ The twins are like their father.
(2)长相------怎样? What’s he like?
26. up
向上 Put up your hands if you have any questions.
27. down
向下 Put down all the books here.
28. about
(1) 大约;关于 It’s about 6:00 now.
(2) ------怎么样? What about---? How about---?
29. what for
为什么 But what for?
情态动词:
是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。
情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能与动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might)……
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,will
③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to,ought to
④情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定(must一肯,can not一否,may,might,could,三不定。)
注:mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观,have to表示客观。
常用的有:can may could must have use .(can,may,must,should,need)
例:Kate can swim. 凯特会游泳。
May I borrow your dictionary, Ann? 安,我可以借用你的字典吗?
Shall we meet at seven o’clock tomorrow? 我们明天七点见面怎么样?
比较can 和be able to:
1.can/could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。
be able to可以用于各种时态。例如:
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2.只用be able to的情况:
a.位于助动词后。
b.情态动词后。
c.表示过去某时刻动作时。
d.用于句首表示条件。
e.表示成功地做了某事时,用was/were able to,不能用could。例如:
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。
注意:could有时不表示时态
1.提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。例如:
Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗?
Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2.在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如:
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might:
1.表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。例如:
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态,只是可能性比may 小。
2.成语:may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。例如:
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此,我们不妨试一试。
比较have to和must:
1.两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。例如:
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2.have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如:
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3.否定结构中:don't have to表示"不必",mustn't表示"禁止"。例如:
You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it.你不得把这件事告诉他。
比较shall和should:
1).shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
2).shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
①. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
②. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
③. He shall be punished.(威胁)
will和would的用法:
1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如:
Would you pass me the book?
2.表示意志、愿望和决心。如:
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
3.用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。
前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如:
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4.will表示习惯、请求,固有性质等。
Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.(习惯)
Will you help me with my English?(请求)
The door won't open. (固有性质)
5.Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
Would表过去习惯时比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week。
6.表料想或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
情态动词用法口诀:
情态动词两特点,动词原形接后面,说话语气较委婉。
can"能力"may"许可",must"责任"或"义务"。
否定回答needn’t换,"需要"need,dare"敢"。
should"应该",would"愿",haveto"被迫"表客观。
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