The basics of infrastructure design
It is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkablyfast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.
These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing, government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required.
Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows:
The basic layout (布局) of the road — At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (沥青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.
The prior steps — Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.
Inclusion of safety barriers — The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.
Asphalt pavement marking — It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.
Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways. With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers, we can make the best possible use of highways. If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.
The basics of infrastructure design
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Reason for construction of infrastructure
| Infrastructure must小题1:_________ the demands of today’s fast-paced lifestyle.
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Challenges of design and 小题2:_________
| Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful consideration.
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Skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians have to work hard
小题3:_________.
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Materials must be小题4:_________ to ensure their qualities.
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本题信息：英语完形填空难度较难 来源:未知
本试题 “The basics of infrastructure designIt is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the...” 主要考查您对 序数词 等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
序数词的概念：
表示顺序的数称为序数词。如：first, second, third, fourth。 序数词的构成与用法：
1、序数词的构成：
①一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。
例：four＋th→fourth
six＋th→sixth
seven＋th→seventh
ten＋th→tenth
②下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。
例：one→first
two→second
three→third
five→fifth
eight→eighth
nine→ninth
twelve→twelfth
③十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i，然后再加eth。
例：twenty→twentieth
thirty→thirtieth
forty→fortieth
ninety→ninetieth
④两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。
例：twenty－one→twenty－first
thirty－five→thirty－fifth
a hundred and fifty－three→a hundred and fifty－third
2、序数词的用法：
①序数词在使用时，一般加上定冠词。
例：the first book
the second floor
the third day
the fourth week．
②序数词在多数情况下都用作定语，有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。
例：The may1st is Labour Day. 五月一日是劳动节。
My room is on the second floor. 我的房间在二楼。
The first is larger than the secon.（主语）第一个比第二个大。
Read the book from the first.（宾语）从开头读这本书。
You'll be the sixth to write.（表语）你将是第六个写的。
③序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词，用来表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。
例：You may have a third try. 你可以第三次尝试。 序数词知识体系：
约数的表达方法：
用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of 表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。
如：The boy bought dozens of pencils.
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.
注意： (A)：dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数量时，不用复数。
如：five dozen (of) eggs 五打鸡蛋
hree hundred people 三百个人
分数词的构成和用法：
1）分数词构成法：
分数词（FractionalNumerals）由基数词和序数词构成，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。除了分子为1的情况下，序数词都要用复数形式：
如：1/4：one-fourth
5/9：five-ninths
2/3：two-thirds
17/5：three and two-fifths
7/12：seven-twelfths
379/8：forty-seven and three-eighths
此外还有下面表示法：
如：1/2：a(one) half
1/4：a(one) quarter
3/4：three-quarters
9/4：two and a quarter
3/2：one and half
31/4：seven and three quarters
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