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  • 完形填空

    第四部分 写作（共两节，满分45分）
    第一节阅读表达  阅读下面的短文并回答问题。（每题3分，共15分）
    阅读短文, 按要求回答76-80题。
    Winter sports are very popular in European and North American countries. These places usually receive a lot of snow during the winter months.
    Skiing and skating become the major sports activities for Westerners during winter. People from Norway, Italy, the United States, Sweden and Canada all like winter sports.
    Winter sports such as alpine skiing（高山滑雪）and skating are very popular because they allow people to keep warm while enjoying outdoors.
    People can exercise outdoors in beautiful surroundings: snow-covered mountains and pine trees among endless white snow. Putting oneself into the white world and breathing fresh air, one can relax and forget all worries. Of course, the practice of flying down the hills excites people.
    The Alps in Europe is the most ideal place for skiing. The Rocky Mountains in the Western United States is another good place.
    Some people call winter sports “royal sports”. That is because of their high cost. These sports always require expensive equipment. They also need high-standard places to be enjoyed.
    Winter sports are not popular in China. The southern and coastal areas have no skiing and skating. And the snow-blanketed northeastern and southwestern areas have very poor equipment.
    But thanks to the efforts of the government, China has caught up with world-class competition in short track speed skating（短道速滑）. This is also true for women’s figure skating. However,  in alpine skiing events, China                                          .
    76．What’s the best title of this passage? （within 10 words）
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
    77．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
    Taking part in the outdoor winter sports with snow-covered surroundings makes you feel refreshed and carefree.
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
    78．Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（within 10 words）
                                                                                                                                  
    79．Do you think winter sports will become popular in China? Why? （within 30 words）
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
    80．Please translate the underlined sentence in the 3rd paragraph into Chinese.
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   

    本题信息：英语完形填空难度一般 来源:未知
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本试题 “第四部分 写作（共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读表达 阅读下面的短文并回答问题。（每题3分，共15分）阅读短文, 按要求回答76-80题。Winter sports are very po...” 主要考查您对

缩写与简写

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  • 缩写与简写

缩写与简写的概念：

用单词首尾字母组成一个新词的英语构词法叫做首尾字母缩略法。这种形式的英语构词生成的新词，读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
如：Foreign Language Teaching Agency→FLTA上海外教网
        Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
        Teach English as a Foreign Language→TEFL
        Teach English as a Second Language→TESL
        Graduate Record Examination→GRE美国研究生入学考试


缩写的几种类型：

1、单词缩写应省略在辅音之后，元音之前：
英文单词缩写一般以辅音结尾，而不以元音结尾。如American省略为Am，而不省略为Ame或Amer，Medicine或Medical缩写为Med，European缩写为Eur等。但Science例外，缩写为Sci，可能是因为元音I之后又是元音E的缘故。缩写刊名每个词首字母必须大写，而不可全部都用大写或小写。
2、压缩字母法：
仅个别单词采用压缩字母方式缩写。
如：Japanese缩写为Jpn而不是Jan
        National应缩写为Natl而不是Nat
经常有读者将Japanese写成Jan是参考文献著录中常见的错误。
如：Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology，应缩写为JpnJOphthalmol，National Cancer Institute Research Report缩写为NatlCancerInstResRep。而Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写，如：NatureMedicine, Naturebiotechnology分别缩写为NatMed, NatBiotechnol。
另外CN是中国的国别代码，期刊缩写刊名中，ChinaChinese不得缩写为CN，而应缩写为Chin.采用压缩写法是为了避免与其他常用缩写混淆。
如：Japanese不能缩写为Jan,可能是Jan是January的固定缩写形式，National缩写为Natl而不缩写为Nat,可能是Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写。
3、学科名称缩写：
刊名中学科名称缩写很常见，因而了解学科名缩写规则非常必要。凡以-ogy结尾的单词，一律将词尾-ogy去掉，如Cardiology缩写为Cariol，Biology缩写为Biol,以-ics结尾的学科名词，缩写时将-ics或连同其前面若干字母略去。如：Physics缩写为Phys。以-try结尾的词，缩写时将-try连同前面若干字母略去。如：chemistry缩写为Chem。其中也包括其他形容词的缩写。
4、刊名中常用词和特殊单词的缩写：
期刊名中有些常用单词可以缩写为一个字母。
如：Journal缩写为J
        Quarterly缩写为Q
        Royal缩写为R
        New缩写为N
        South缩写为S
5、刊名首字母组合：
有些杂志名称缩写采用首字母组合，而且已被固定下来，一般都是国际上有较大影响的期刊，并得到国际上众多索引性检索工具的认同。
如：The Journal of American Medical Association缩写为JAMA， British Medical Journal缩写为BMJ等。
6、国家名称的缩写：
刊名中国家名称的缩写分为两种情况。如国家名称为单个词汇，缩写时常略去词尾或词的后部分若干字母。
如：American缩写为Am
        British缩写为Br
        Chinese缩写为Chin
而国家名称由多个词组组成时，常取每个词的首字母，如United States of America 缩写为USA或US。
7、虚词一律省略：
有许多虚词，如the, of, for, and, on, from, to等，在缩写时均省去。
如：Journal of chemistry缩写为J chem
       Archives of Medical Research缩写为Arch Med Res


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