返回

高中二年级英语

首页
  • 单选题
    On the coast _____ with an old temple _____ back to Ming Dynasty.

    A. does a village stand; dated
    B. stands a village; dating
    C. a village is standing; dates
    D. a village stands; to date
    本题信息:2010年0103期中题英语单选题难度一般 来源:张雪
  • 本题答案
    查看答案
本试题 “On the coast _____ with an old temple _____ back to Ming Dynasty.A. does a village stand; datedB. stands a village; datingC. a village is standing;...” 主要考查您对

现在分词

全部倒装

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 现在分词
  • 全部倒装

现在分词的概念:

现在分词(PresentParticiple)(又称-ing形式),是分词的一种,是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语)。一般式:doing;一般被动式:being done;完成式:having done;完成被动式:having been done。所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not。


现在分词的用法:

1)做表语:
如:He was very amusing.
        That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2)作定语:
上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词:
如:That must have been a terrifying experience.
        I found him a charming person.
现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句:
如:There are a few boys swimming in the river.
        There is a car waiting outside.
3)作状语:
现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作:
如:Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. 
        Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
        Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句:
如:Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
        Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money.
现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句:
如:Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
        Returning home, he began to do his homework. 
        Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
        Be careful when crossing the road.
        Having found a hotel, we looked for some where to have dinner.
        Having finished her work, she went home.
4)作宾补:
现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语:
例如:see, hear, catch, find, keep, have等。
如:I see him passing my house every day.
        I caught him stealing things in that shop.
        I smelt something burning.
        She kept him working all day.


现在分词其他用法解析:

1、现在分词一般式的用法:
现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生:
如:When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。
         Living in the 示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔:
如:Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现没有在家,他决定留个字条。 
         He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家,发现门是锁着的。当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时,现在分词通常位于句末。

2、现在分词完成式的用法:
现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作:
如:Having been there once, she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次,她对那地方很熟悉。
        Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已经失败了两次,不想再试了。
注:(1)现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作,但有区别:现在分词所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔,而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔:
如:Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后,他就出去了。
        Having invited him here to speak, we'd better go to his lecture. 既然我们请了他来作报告,我们最好去听一下。
有时即使是分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生,但如果要强调分词动作的完成性,也应用现在分词的完成式:
如:Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。
(2)现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语:
误:Do you know anyone having lost a cat? 你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗?
误:I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗户的人谈谈。
若将以上现分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以(因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作,而不能先于谓语动作而发生):
误:I want to talk to the person breaking the window.

3、现在分词被动式的用法:
当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式:
(1)现在分词一般式的被动式:主要表示现在正在进行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作:
如:Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
         I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
:有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词):
如:Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车,她感到行动很困难。
(2)现在分词完成式的被动式:主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。
如:The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。
        Having been written inhaste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。
比较:Being so ill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重,她不能去上学。
            Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。


全部倒装的概念:

倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前,这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要,需要将谓语动词放在主语之前,这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语和谓语完全倒置叫完全倒装。


完全倒装完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”,主要见于以下情况:

1、here和there位于句首时的倒装:
表示地点的here和there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:
如:Here's Tom. 汤姆在这里。
        There's Jim. 吉姆在那儿。
        Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 
        There goes the bell. 铃响了。
        There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。
:(1)以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,即不能说:Here is coming the bus.       
        (2)若主语为代词,则不倒装:
如:Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。
        Here it comes.它来了。
        (3)其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在):
如:There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。
        Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。

2、away和down等位于句首时的倒装:
地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词:
如:Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
        Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。
        The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。
        Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。
:若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:
如:Away he went. 他跑远了。
        Down it came. 它掉了下来。
3、某些状语或表语位于句首时的倒装:
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装:
如:Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
        By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。
:在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
比较:In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。
            In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。
4、现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首的倒装:
有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装:
如:Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
        Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
        To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。