本试题 “根据词意及首字母提示填空。1. Jack isv the Great Wall.2. She'ss for new clothes.3. My fatherd to /he offices every day.4. There arel of people in th...” 主要考查您对实义动词的单数第三人称形式
实义动词的现在分词
主谓一致
固定搭配
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
在一般现在时的肯定句中,当主语为非第三人称单数时,谓语动词用原形;
当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。
规则 | 动词原形 | 第三人称 单数形式 | |
s | 一般在词尾加s(读音规则: 清清浊浊元浊, 在清辅音后读清辅音/s/, 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/) |
stop take clean play grow |
stops/s/ takes/s/ cleans/z/ plays/z/ grows/z/ |
es | 以,x,ch,sh,或o结尾的动词 加-es(读/iz/) |
pass fix wash watch do |
passes fixes washes watches does |
ies | 以辅音字母 加y结尾的动词,变y为ies(读/iz/) |
fly carry hurry |
flies carries hurries |
一般现在时,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式
主语是第三人称单数有以下几种情况:
(1) 不可数名词做主语:
Some water is in the glass
(2) 单个的可数名词做主语:
The girl is Chinese. My watch is on the dresser.
(3) He ,she , it 等代词单个做主语:
He is in the tree. She likes her family very much.
(4) 单个的人名,地名或称呼作主语:
Mary is a doctor. Uncle Li speaks a little English.
Changchun is a beautiful city.
(5) 指示代词this, that 等作主语:
This is a pear. That is an apple .
(6) Everyone, everything ,something, nobody, nothing.等不定代词作主语时
Is everyone here today? Everything is ok .
(7)单个数字作主语时:
”8” is a good number in China.
动词单数第三人称形式的一般现在时的句子的否定句、疑问句及特殊疑问句。
否定句:
在主语的后面实义动词前加doesn’t(注意实义动词应恢复原形。)
主语(单三)+doesn’ + 动词原形+其他
Jim likes football变否定: Jim doesn’t like football
He has lunch at school. 变否定:He doesn’t have lunch at school.
一般疑问句及答语,在句子前面加助动词does. 实义动词恢复原形
Does +主语(单三)+ 动词原形+其他
Does your father work ? Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
特殊疑问词+ does +主语(单三)+ 动词原形+其他
Where does a bird live ?
How does she go to school?
实意动词现在分词变化规则:
①一般情况下在动词后加ing,如:
study—studying,work—working
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如:
write—writing,move—moving
③以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母, 再加ing,如:
get—getting,begin—beginning
④以ie结尾的动词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如:
lie—lying,die—dying,tie—tying
注:
a 以字母l结尾动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加ing,如control / controlling,
但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ing。
b 名词变复数、形容词和副词变比较级和最高级、动词变过去式和过去分词等都有“改y规则”,“把y变成i再……”但动词的现在分词没有“改y规则”。
在变为现在分词时须双写最后一个字母的常用动词有:
begin 开始
cut 切割
dig 挖
drop 掉
forget 忘记
get 使、得到
hit 击中
let 让
prefer 更喜欢
put 放
run 跑
sit 坐
shop 买东西
stop 停止
swim 游泳
refer参考
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,去掉y加-ies变为第三人称单数形式,加-ied变为过去式和
过去分词的常用动词有:
carry 携带
copy 抄
cry 哭
fry 油煎
hurry 快走
spy 侦探
study 学习
try 试
tidy 整理
worry 担忧
"表里不一"现象:
主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象
和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下
1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:
"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利
5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:
What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
7,当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except,逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.
8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:
They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:
The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.
11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类.例如:
Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.
当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时,用作复数,如:mathematics(运算能力)politics(政治观点)economics(经济意义)等
12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.
还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms(武器).clothes.contents.minites(记录).remains(遗体).thanks等
13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如:
One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.
14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.
15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如:
He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.
16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.
初中英语常见固定搭配:
(一)加-ing
enjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做----
spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费---
try doing 试着做------
be busy doing sth 忙于做------
finish doing sth 完成做----
look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时)
be doing 正在做---
Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你
(二)加-to
decide to do sth 决定去做-----
ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做----
It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样)
would like / want to do 想要做-----
It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----
(三)加原形
let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事
be going to / will do sth (一般将来时态)
(四)加-to 或-ing意思不同
forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做)
forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做)
remember doing记得做过了-----(已做)
remember to do记得去做------(还没做)
(五)加-to 或-ing意思相同
begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------
(六)
A)动词+ 介词
agree with同意....的意见(想法);符合
help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) listen to听...
..get to到达....
fall off (从......)掉下base on以....(为)根据
knock at /on敲(门、窗)
laugh at嘲笑
learn.. from 向...学习
live on继续存在;靠...生活
look after照顾,照看look at看;观看
look for寻找
look like看起来像
pay for (sth.)付钱;支付
point at指示;指向
point to指向....prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢
quarrel with (和某人)吵架
regard...as ...把....当作....;当作
stop...from阻止.....做.....
talk about说话;谈话;谈论
talk with与......交谈think about考虑
think of认为;想起
B)动词+ 副词
ask for请求;询问
carry on坚持下去;继续下去
cut down砍倒
clean up清除;收拾干净
come down下来;落
come along来;随同
come in进来
come on来吧;跟着来;赶快
come over过来;顺便来访
come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽)
drop off放下(某物);下车
eat up吃光;吃完
fall behind落在......后面;输给别人
fall down跌倒;从......落下
find out查出(真相)
get back回来;取回
get down下来;落下;把......取下来
get off下来;从......下来get on上(车)
get up起床
give up放弃go on继续
go out出去
go over过一遍;仔细检查
grow up长大;成长
hand in交上来
hurry up赶快
hold on (口语)等一等;(打电话时)不挂断
look out留神;注意
look over (仔细)检查
look up向上看;抬头看
pass on传递;转移到....
pick up拾起;捡起
put away放好;把....收起来
put on穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演;放(唱片等
put down把(某物)放下来
put up挂起;举起
run away流失;逃跑;逃走
rush out冲出去
set off出发;动身;
启程send up发射;把......往上送
shut down把......关上
sit down坐下
slow down减缓;减速
take off脱掉(衣服)
take out取出
throw about乱丢;抛撒
trip over (被......)绊倒
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等)
try out试验;尝试
turn down关小;调低
turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等
turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)
turn over (使)翻过来
wake up醒来
wear out把......穿旧;磨坏
work out算出;制订出
write down写下....
C) be + 形容词+ 介词
be angry with对(某人)发脾气
be interested in对......感兴趣
be able to能;会
be afraid of害怕
be amazed at对......感到惊讶
be excited about对......感到兴奋
be filled with用......充满
be full of充满......的
be good at =do well in在....方面做得好;善于
be late for迟到
be made in在......生产或制造
be made of由....组成;由....
be pleased with对......感到满意
be proud of以......自豪/高兴
be used for用于
D)动词+ 名词/ 代词
beg one′s pardon请原谅;对不起
do morning exercises做早操
do one′s homework做作业
enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐;玩得愉快
give a concert开音乐会
go boating去划船
go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行
go skating去滑冰
go shopping (去)买东西
have a cold (患)感冒
have a cough (患)咳嗽
have a headache (患)头痛
have a try尝试;努力
have a look看一看
have a rest休息
have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐;坐下
have sports进行体育活动
have supper吃晚餐
hear of听说
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
make a decision作出决定
make a mistake犯错误
make a noise吵闹
make faces做鬼脸
make friends交朋友
make money赚钱
take one′s place坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务
teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学
watch TV看电视
take photos照相
take time花费(时间)
take turns轮流
E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
catch up with赶上
come up with找到;提出(答案、解决办法等)
get on well with与......相处融洽
give birth to生(孩子)
help yourself / yourselves to自取;随便吃
make room for给.....腾出地方
play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧
speak highly of称赞
say good bye to告别;告辞
take an active part in积极参加
take care of照顾;照料;注意
F)其他类型
be awake醒着的
be born出生
be busy doing忙着做
come true实现
do one′s best尽最大努力
fall asleep睡觉;入睡
go home回家
go on doing (sth.)继续做某事;尽力
get married结婚
get together相聚
go straight along 沿着...一直往前走
had better (do)最好(做...)
keep doing sth.一直做某事
make sure确保;确认;查明
make up one′s mind下决心
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