本试题 “He insisted that he ___ nothing wrong and that we _____ to him.[ ]A. do; apologiseB. did; apologisedC. had done; apologisedD. had done; apologise” 主要考查您对一般过去时
过去完成时
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
一般过去时的概念:
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般过去时的用法:
1、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用。
如:My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了这里。
I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。
2、表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:often,usually,always等连用。
如:He always worked in tonight those days. 那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987. 1987年我经常出差。
注:表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用usedto.
如:I used to read newspaper after breakfast. 我过去经常早饭后看报纸。(意指现在已不是这样)
The children often swam in this river. 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。
3、表示过去发生的一连串动作。
如:He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door. 他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门。
注:过去发生的一连串动作,若用and,or,but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。
如:They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper. 他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。
4、在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如:He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information. 他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
一般过去时的特别用法:
1、句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb.did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"。
例如:It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
2、would(had)rather sb.did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。
3、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。
例如:Did you want any thing else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词could, would。
例如:Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
过去完成时的概念:
过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情,也可表示过去某个时间或动作之 前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间。过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。
如:She had leant 2000 English words by the end of last month.
过去完成时的应用:
(1)与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样,使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。
如:He had learnt some English before I went here. 在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。
He had written three stories by last year.到去年他已经写了三篇故事。
We had cleaned the room when he got there. 当他到那儿时,我们已经把房子弄干净了。
He went there after he had finished his work. 他把事做完之后,就去哪儿了。
注意:当主句跟由before, after, as soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时,从句也可用一般过去时。
如:He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了。
(2)过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
如:He said he had been a soldier. 他说他当过兵。
They said they had seen the film. 他们说这幕电影他们看过。
(3)在hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。
如:Hardly had I told her the news when she began to cry out. 她一听到这一消息就大哭了起来。
Scarcely had he finished his supper when he went out. 他已吃完晚饭就出去了。
No sooner had he fallen asleep than he lay down on the bed. 他一躺倒床上就睡着了。
(4)动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。
如:I had hoped to see you. 我本希望来看你。
He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing. 他本想在北京买栋房子。
过去完成时与一般过去时:
(1)过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即:过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。
如:He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年)
He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)
(2)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时,一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接,此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。
如:He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。
(3)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
如:When I heard the news, I was very excited.
(4)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
如:Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in1492.
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