本试题 “She ______ on a new novel ever since this summer and it is supposed to ______ at the beginningof 2011.[ ]A. had worked; be publishedB. had been wor...” 主要考查您对现在完成进行时
一般现在时的被动语态
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
现在完成进行时的概念:
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。
如:We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。
现在完成进行时的结构:
现在完成进行时由“have/hasbeen+现在分词”构成。
现在完成进行的基本用法:
(1)表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止。
如:It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
He's been watching television all day. 他看了一天电视了。
(2)现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。
如:She is very tired. She's been typing letters all day. 她很累了,她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了。她一直在哭。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:
1、现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。
如:I have read the book. 我读过这本书。
I have been reading the book.我一直在读这本书。
【注】有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。
如:How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在这儿工作多久了?
I've lived [been living] here since1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
2、现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。
如:I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)
I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)
3、现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时。
如:He has lived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。
He has been living in Paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)
4、不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。
如:I've only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。
They've been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。
The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。
5、现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。
如:The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。
The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。
一般现在时的被动语态的概念:
表示的是一般现在时态和被动语态的叠合。构成:(am/is/are +done)
如:This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。
主动语态变被动语态的方法:
1、把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2、把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词),根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3、把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如:All the people laughed at him.=He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.=The bikes are made by them in the factory.
记忆歌诀:
宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
含有情态动词的被动语态:
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
记忆歌诀:
情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留。
例如:We can repair this watch in two days.=This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.=It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.=It should be done at once.
被动语态的用法:
1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in1981.这 本书出版于1981年。
2、强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
记忆歌诀:
谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。
一般现在时的被动语态:
一、被动语态的结构:
主语(动作接受者)+is/am/are+动词的过去分词+(by+动作执行者)
如:Football is played in most countries in the world.
被动语态的句型总结如下:
1、肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by~~).
如:The boy is called Jack.
2、否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by~~).
如:The baby is not looked after by his father.
3、一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by~~)?
如:Is KingLear written by Shakespeare?
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑词+be+过去分词+(by~~)?
如:What is this kind of sweater made of?
二、被动语态的用法:
1、要表达“被…”、“受…”、“让…”、“遭…”之类的语义。
如:The teachers are well respected.
The child is well loved by people.
2、强调动作承受者。
如:He is known far and wide. 他远近闻名。
3、不知道式没有必要指出动作的执行者。
如: The room is cleaned every day. 房子每天都有人打扫。
4、为礼貌起见避免提及动作执行者。
如:I wonder if I was allowed to introduce myself? 我是否可以做自我介绍?
与“She ______ on a new novel ever since this summer and it i...”考查相似的试题有: