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  • 阅读理解
    阅读理解。
    A winner of the 2011 L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards, Professor Vivian
    Wing-wah Yam says she could not have done it without the backing of her family.
    The road to scientific discovery is tougher for women than for men and Professor Vivian Wing-wah
    Yam says she couldn't have succeeded without such a supportive family. The 47-year-old from Hong
    Kong University was one of five women scientists, from each continent, to receive the 2011
    L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards at a ceremony on March 3, at UNESCO
    Headquarters in Paris. It is the 13th edition of the award since 1998.
    Yam's long and fruitful research on solving the energy problem won her the prize for Asia and the
    Pacific. There are several renewable and sustainable(可持续的) energy solutions, like solar power,
    which could provide an unlimited source of energy. Some problems must be resolved, however, such as
    the low efficiency of solar cells and their high supply costs. Yam and her colleagues hope to overcome
    these problems by developing and testing new photoactive(光敏的) materials.
    She became the third Chinese women scientist honored with the so-called "woman's Nobel Prize"
    award, after Professor Li Fanghua from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003, and Professor Ye
    Ruyu from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2004.
    "People think chemists are bad guys, but we are the good guys," Yam said in a humorous aside
    before explaining her research project on photoactive materials in an earlier speech at L'Institut de
    France. For Yam, chemistry is science, but also an art. Amazed by the universe, nature and color in her
    childhood, Yam decided on a career in chemistry. "One of the beauties of chemistry is the ability to
    create new molecules and chemical species. I have always associated chemists with artists, creating new
    things with innovative(革新的) ideas," Yam said.
    As a mother of two daughters, 12 and 14, Yam said she is lucky to have been supported by her
    family. She was inspired as a child by her father, a professor in the Civil Engineering Faculty at Hong
    Kong University. Yam added her husband, Mak Shingtat, a PhD in chemistry, who accompanied Yam
    to the awards ceremony, was also fully supportive of her work. "I can't imagine how my career could
    move on without his understanding and support," she said. "I often stay late at night in the laboratory. He
    always waits for me outside."
    Yam received her bachelor and PhD degrees from the University of Hong Kong (HKU). She taught
    at City Polytechnic of Hong Kong before joining HKU as a faculty member, and headed the chemistry
    department for two terms from 2000 to 2005. At 38, she was the youngest member elected to the
    Chinese Academy of Sciences. She is also a Fellow of TWAS, the Academy of Sciences for the
    Developing World, and was awarded the State Natural Science Award and the Royal Society of
    Chemistry (RSC) Centenary Medal. 2011 is the 100th anniversary of Marie Curie's second Nobel Prize,
    coinciding (一致的)with the International Year of Chemistry. Today, Curie is still a role model for women
    in science.
    Although the participation of women in science, is promoted by UNESCO, notably through
    L'Oreal-UNESCO, there are still too few women doing high-level science, says UNESCO
    Director-General Irina Bokova. The latest UNESCO report shows less than 40 percent of countries
    provide girls and boys equal access to education.
    Each year, the L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award recognizes15 young women
    from all over the world, especially developing countries, to encourage and finance their studies. More
    than 200 young women scientists are currently supported. "I do not think there is a difference between
    men and women in terms of their intellectual abilities and research capabilities (能力)," Yam said. "As
    long as one has the passion, dedication and determination to pursue research wholeheartedly, one can
    excel regardless of one's gender or background."
    Yam said some young women, who require stability and security, often have to give up their research
    because of family pressures. "The only way for women to succeed in science is to get the mental and
    material support from family and society. There is a day-care center at my university, and my husband
    and mother-in-law help a lot with the housework, so I am able to spend my time on research," she said.
    "I have two young daughters, and it is too early to tell whether or not they want to pursue careers in
    science. But, I will encourage them to always defend their ideas. To remain determined, and to never be
    afraid of failure - this is the advice that they will need to succeed in realizing their dreams."
    Yam also acknowledged her colleague's support, at the awards ceremony. "This (award) not only
    本题信息：2012年浙江省模拟题英语阅读理解难度极难 来源:姜雪
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科教类阅读

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  • 科教类阅读

科教类阅读的概念：

科教类阅读主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。


科教类文章阅读技巧：

一、材料特点：

这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：　
1、文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。　
2、句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。　
3、常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。

二、命题特点：

科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。

三、应对策略：

1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。　　
3、在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。


科普类阅读应试策略：

【命题趋势】
阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点：
1、文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗。
2、文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容新颖，从而使文章显得陌生，内容抽象复杂。
3、命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。
4、以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，探讨利弊，诠释过程，阐述概念。
【应试对策】
许多考生在考试时感到困惑的是：为什么一些没有超越中学语法和词汇范围的篇章，读起来却不能正确理解，或者要花费很多时间才能读懂呢？这种现象的产生与阅读方法有很大的关系。例如，有的考生在考试时一见到文章就立刻开始读，结果读了半天，还不知道短文讲的是什么，试题要求了些什么，结果浪费了大量的时间，而阅读效果并不好。那么，怎样读效果才好呢？任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用，都是由篇章特点和试题本身的要求决定的，应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。
1、浏览。浏览的主要目的就是确定文章的体裁。如果文章属于人物传记、记叙文、故事、科普小品和有关社会文化、文史知识的文章，一般来说，应该先看看文章的试题考查内容，对题目类型做到心中有数，针对不同问题，在通读时有粗有细地去阅读，这样不仅能把握篇章的基本结构和逻辑线索，也能做好有关具体事实信息考查的试题。
2、挖掘寓意，掌握中心思想，推出结论。任何文章，作者在行文时都有一定的写作目的和主要话题。在通读篇章时应该吃透作者的写作意图，抓住文章的主题句，充分发挥自己的想象力和概括力，作出对中心思想的归纳和结论的推断。
3、把握篇章结构，利用上下文进行推测。高考中的阅读理解篇章往往是一个较完整的短文，其结构、思想，前后上下连贯统一。考试时应充分利用这一特点推测一些生词、短语在句中的含义，切莫盲目孤立猜测。
4、综观全篇，前后呼应。这是阅读理解的最后一步，在做完阅读理解题后，要立足于文章整体，再迅速读一遍短文，短文中的问题和答案的设置前后都是相关联的，有着一定的连续性，体现着文章的基本脉络。


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